THE CHARTLEY CATTLE— LONG-HORNS. 231 



Long-horns, but changes of character which followed 

 upon their increased cultivation and improvement.* I 

 think, notwithstanding some opposing circumstances, 

 which I shall consider further on, we must consider 

 the Chartley cattle the aboriginal representative type 

 from which the old Long-horns, or Cravens, as they 

 were otherwise called, were primarily derived. Nor 

 need the latter be ashamed of it; for while we stood 

 by the palings of the paddock, surveying that splendid 

 group, Mr. Thornton, delighted beyond measure, ex- 

 claimed that here were, in a state of nature, most, if 

 not all, of the points which for nearly a hundred years 

 we had been trying to produce in the Short-horn. 



Straightness of the back and belly-lines was a most 

 strongly marked feature of these cattle ; depth also of 

 the body, and shortness of the leg. As in all wild 

 animals, the hind quarter was lighter than the fore ; 

 but it was of considerable length, and the flesh was 

 carried well downwards towards the hock. The tail 

 was set on straight with the back in a very blood-like 

 manner, but the quarter itself sloped a little from the 

 hips backwards, so that the tail was slightly raised 

 above the rumps. The loin and chine had not that 

 breadth and thickness which are often, though not 

 always, seen in the best of our improved modern cattle ; 

 but neither were these possessed by the improved Long- 

 horn heifers — splendid specimens of the breed — which I 

 examined carefully the day before. But in neatness 

 of shoulders, plates, and crops the Chartley cattle lost 

 nothing by comparison with others, and in depth and 

 breadth of breast few in mere store condition, as they 

 were, could equal them. The development of what is 



* Youatt's " Cattle," chap, vi, p. 188. 



