HIS IMPRESSION OF THE CATTLE. 243 



the advantage ; the latter were, however, at the same 

 age, apparently less in size. 



" I should call the Chartley cattle, as compared with 

 Short-horns, of good medium size. Some of the cows 

 had the appearance of being good milkers. The body 

 is well formed, on wide-set, short legs, the top and 

 under lines being nearly parallel; ribs fairly sprung, 

 and reaching close to the hip-bone ; shoulders nicely 

 laid into the back, with good breast and forequarters ; 

 forelegs short with large broad arm, but very line below 

 the knee; loin good, hips not very prominent; hind 

 quarters long, with tail square behind, at nearly right 

 angles to the back-bone, but from the hips to the 

 "touch" slightly drooping. The thighs were rather 

 light, but the flank good ; neck slightly lower than the 

 body. 



" In appearance the bulls were totally different from 

 the cows. They were deeper in body and perhaps 

 shorter on the leg; but the head was still more 

 strikingly different. The bull's head had a very broad 

 forehead, which was covered with hair (as was the case 

 also with the cows), but smooth from eyes to nose ; it 

 was very masculine-looking, like a Highland Scot's, 

 but perhaps a little sulky. The cows' heads were 

 long — the bulls' short and broad, almost triangular. The 

 chin of the bull was thick, and there was a great deal 

 of loose skin about the throat, neck, and dewlap. The 

 different character of the male and female is very 

 striking. 



" In selecting the bulls, only the white colour and 



the black ears and nose are regarded, but no attention 



is paid to formation. Two or three bulls are kept, 



but when they fight too much — as they are apt to do — 



Q 2 



