VARIETIES OF TEE WHITE CATTLE. 359 



I. — Variety with Horns. 



1. Sub-variety. Having black ears, but no black tip to the 



tail. The Chartley, Drumlanrig, and Athole Herds. 



2. Sub-variety. Having red or brown ears, but no black tip 



to the tail. The Chillingham and Lyme Herds. 



II. — Variety Hornless or Polled. 



1. Sub-variety. Having black ears and black tips to their 



tails. The Wollaton and Burton Constable Herds. 



2. Sub-variety. Having black ears, but no black tips to 



tail ; the fore-part of leg mottled with black. The 

 Hamilton Herd.. 



3. Sub-variety. Having red or brown ears. The Gisburne 



Herd. 



All the herds agreed in having the muzzle, orbits of the eyes, 

 tips of the horns, and hoofs more or less black. 



The distinction between the two varieties is very 

 strongly marked, not only by the presence or absence of 

 horns, but also by differences in general form and 

 figure. The polled variety were and are more robust 

 in their bodies, thicker, shorter (in the leg, as elsewhere), 

 stouter-limbed, stronger-boned, with heads rounder, and 

 with a general contour less elegant and striking than in 

 any, as far as I can ascertain, of those herds which 

 carried horns. This may possibly have arisen from 

 some difference of extraction, but the similarity of the 

 two varieties in many other more important points 

 would scarcely allow us to encourage that idea. It 

 might arise from a cross, but it is quite as likely that 

 natural variation might produce, and man's selection 

 continue, the hornless variety with its differences of 

 form. Such had been the case so long ago as the time 

 of Herodotus, who describes the Scythian domestic 

 cattle as hornless, attributing it to the great severity 



