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After completing a Ph.D. in insect re- 

 productive strategies, Jack Werren (page 

 36) served for four years in the Army, 

 where tiis job involved testing water for 

 contaminating bacteria. The task gave 

 him a real appreciation for what bacteria 

 can do to their hosts, and he returned to 

 academia with a new focus for his re- 

 search. Currently an associate professor 

 of biology at the University of Rochester, 



Werren hopes to 

 continue investi- 

 gating genetic 

 parasites and to 

 learn more about 

 the distribution 

 of Wolbachia 

 bacteria and their 

 effects on the in- 

 sects they inhabit. For a discussion of 



John May- 

 nard Smith 



(page 39) began 

 studying bacter- 

 ial evolution 

 fairly recendy, 

 when a colleague 

 researching an- 

 tibiotic resistance 

 started asking 

 him questions about evolution. He is prin- 

 cipally concerned with the role of sexual 

 processes in bacteria. Professor emeritus 

 of biology at the University of Sussex, 



England, he is also currenfly investigating 

 the evolution of animal signals used in 

 mate choice and in conflicts. Maynard 

 Smith has explored the causes of aging 

 and the origins of sexual reproduction and 

 has influenced many fields, including 

 population genetics and ecological theory. 

 He was the first to discuss the contrast be- 

 tween kin and group selection. Among 

 his books are The Problems of Biology 

 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986) 

 and Did Darwin Get It Right: Essays on 

 Games, Sex and Evolution (New York: 

 Chapman and Hall, 1989). 



As a boy, Paul W. Ewald (page 42) 

 did his first "fieldwork" in the many va- 

 cant lots of the not yet completed 

 Chicago suburbs. Collecting and identify- 

 ing insects, he took most delight in seeing 

 beautiful satumiid moths attracting their 

 mates at dawn in early summer. Toward 

 the end of college at the University of 

 California, Irvine, and in graduate school 

 at the University of Washington, he stud- 

 ied territoriahty in hummingbirds, a sub- 

 ject he eventually wrote on for Natural 

 History (August 1979). Ewald began 

 thinking about the evolution of pathogens 



in 1975, when a bad case of diarrhea 

 started him wondering whether his body 

 was trying to flush out the offending mi- 

 croorganisms or whether they were try- 

 ing to assure their own survival by mak- 

 ing themselves more transmissible. 

 Nowadays, when chairing Amherst Col- 

 lege's biology department is not claiming 

 his time, Ewald tries his hand at maple 

 sugaring and attempts to keep his house, 

 built in 1760, "from faUing apart." His 

 book, The Evolution of Infectious Dis- 

 ease, was pubUshed by Oxford Univer- 

 sity Press this year. 



Swiss biologist Daniel Robert (page 

 49) began investigating hearing in ta- 

 chinid flies when he became a research 

 associate in coauthor Ronald R. Hoy's 

 laboratory at Cornell University. "While 

 observing some of these parasitic flies at 

 night in Florida," he recalls, "I felt my 

 own connection 

 with the pattern 

 of nature — the 

 mosquitoes were 

 eating me alive." 

 Robert (right) 

 has previously 

 done research on 

 hearing in moths 

 and locusts and 



on acoustic com- 

 munication in 

 wild chim- 

 panzees of the 

 Ivory Coast. 

 Hoy, a professor 

 of neurobiology 

 and behavior, has 

 studied hearing and acoustic communica- 

 tion in species of Drosophila and praying 

 mantises, as weU as in crickets. For addi- 

 tional reading they recommend "Of 

 Cricket Song and Sex," by William H. 

 Cade (Natural History, January 1978), 

 and "Sex for a Song (Dinner Included)," 

 by Scott C. Sakaluk {Natural History, 

 January 1991). 



102 Natural History 6/94 



