Juxe 11, 1887.] 
THE GARDENERS’ 
CHRONICLE. 
771 
unwise to remove any e larger than about 
i 
and when they have formed r heart-v e- 
main intact, or to shorten at js considerable distance 
om the main ste the tr зн? cl 
pruning forest trees Mid hand- 
o any other tool, althou 
the branchlets, but outside of the same. 
е Oper 
with ren antage, 
к knife by far the 
ranch is to 
in an upward 
k of the 
best miel Ean be performed. 
with ше 
se, aiid close to "the trun 
more substance is deposite the mai m. 
little appea f prun possible should be 
left on the tree, but when these are of large size anc 
den € would 
Бе 
a 
ak, t dem. inis 
oe ching head, эше the Poplar is s fastigiae j in the 
extre The conclusion of the whole matter is 
this: ‘that the "necessity for pruning is “closely ved 
nected with syste ing, and v 
e lene "with 
branches near the iid; whereas, 
ems an 
uced, the pen „ашпа Ше 
ced. 
— Whatn may be termed metà 
in the 
rad or removed alt gether. Broken or twisted 
branches allowed to remain e are bot 
unsightly and productive of much evil, and for these 
ns they should be pruned off and carted away, 
ed on the grou n as all con- 
venient afterwards, W branch in falling 
torn away part stem bark, the s 
h a way s to pre- 
3 
0$ 
о уг 
ош 
BTE 
ю 
small stones and lime, previous to whi ch, however, 
it is wellto clear out all decayed matter, and after 
is is done; nail firmly ove ver the entrance ‘a plate of 
either of th m 
a 
retained іп health and vigour for r of years 
longer than it would otherwise have don 
Prices or Oak BARK, 
Exactly sixty dert "o kai басат. prices were 
realised for bark in —Oak bark, £14 15s. 
os j 8. E ioni Birch, 
£7 7s.; and Larch, £7 Er about the 
same time various kinds of ba Е. indeed pipe any 
at contained a certain percentage of tannin matter, 
including the Willow, Mountain Ash, Birch, d 
arch, were readily e h dispo of. What а 
change half a century -~ brought about ! 
of these barks, t that of tl 
ey: andy saleable = one-fifth that 
Mit much whether Oak bark is 
rth nly £3 10s. o x 4 can be got 
for i hard think it is. A, D. ДУ? er. 
FRUITS UNDER GLASS. 
Vin ND VINERI niti he case of old, 
"id ‘exhausted Vines of the Black [йе ент р in 
arly , that have not been yielding satis- 
e then be 
ved. Then, н s the s bsoil of the r 
ont of chalk o stone, it Y ill be necessary 
y in the bottom 6 inches thick of concrete, with a 
ct 
Ф 
ou 
gee 
ct. 
= 
fluous water into 
rough stones, the latter, by covering them 
dn е of coarse gravel to fill the AU 
will do as w 
Soil and Making the pectet —A suitable compost 
for the Vines to grow in is given in your last i mp , 
p. 746, er the h їй; * Young Vines on 
Borders.” Supposing that space is pod = both 
inside and outside borders, and wall of 
ilt on arches, e “roots. си 
sufficiently high to 
5 or 6 inches within 
many weeks from the time oí making. 
: > 
anting the Vines.—Make t cessary number 
of holes 2 feet apart, beginning at 2 feet кец the 
nd, between the hot-water pipes and the front wall 
the entire length of iy^ ape =. 
fully out of t ts, oving the 
a ir ê 
be 1 inch deeper 
pe tin t ie midway between the rafters, and 
those for yielding a crop of fruit next dont between 
them, making the soil firm about the roo Then 
put a stick to des Vine for support, 8 
them to the trellis, qo aed them sufficiently lone, 
d the ties loose, to t of their subsiding 5 or 
6 inches with the н Thi done, give з зн 
tepid icd 5 settle the soil about oots, and 
on a 8 f two or three 
inches thick f h roppi or sh dung. 
Shade the Vines from sunshine for a few days until 
the roots have taken to the new so nge the 
Мсн overhead, t сан curiae of the border, pathw: ay, 
walls, ing and noon during bright 
sunny ч weat ше Put а little air on he vineries 
7 and "anne и = =e = sap oa 
it 
дана А , аз the sun 
free circulation of fresh ai тей ге "quantity 
given gradually in the afternoon until. E time, 
about 4 o'clock; when-£lie perat y be run 
up to 909, with plenty of moisture in the hoüse. 
Keep the du in the pipes sufficiently warm to 
prevent the night Mn perntune falling below’ 609. 
Н. W. Ward, Longford 
‘THE FLOWER GARDEN, 
BRIER stocks intended f for Ro vce budding should be 
gone over, and the of shoots ts reduced to two 
or three, those whites d remov 
buds are inserted, so that the E uffe 
no inte ion e buddi Ros be 
undertaken as soon he bark will rise freely and 
good plant-buds can be obtained. Roses budded o 
the Brier are sometimes short-lived, and are gene- 
rally troublesome by reason of the st throwing 
up suckers ; Roses on their own roots are, therefore, 
14 са 0 ts опа 
alf-spent hotbed, cover with ктк бш, Кеер Ше 
give but little water to the soil 
rmly in dips n pots or pans prepared as for 
cuttings ; let "pre be just level with th the top of 
the sand; use pe more water than is actually neces- 
i danger 
the om o little 
water, Md if the foliage can kept alive there is 
fear of failure. W. M. Baillie, Luton Hoo. 
PLANTS AND | THEIR CULTURE: 
— Whether iui dented out or in pots these 
as te it may be 
us loam broken 
he operation >ш és mple 
and moist atmosphere s should: be ma 
moderate shading given until Per poe have 
red h e here it is impr 
ecove from the check. Where i im 
ticable to retain plants that are not repotted u 
glass, they now be arran po of ashes 
abe А сы en and somewhat shaded situation out- 
this h wever, an un 
Where ‘the rainfall is heavy, and for this reason we 
never 
ung plants o of these which it is desir- 
e to рыб А quickly, should have their bloss 
кык removed as soon as formed, when they will 
k e warm treat- 
S H 
e 
of degre ould 
the pen быр d be ES drained, and 
er he 
more delicate subjecta. Thrips shoul be үзе t down, 
Thomas Cogmber, The Hendre Gardens. 
