PEALE.] SPRINGS OF YELLOWSTONE RIVER. 89 



In 1871, in company with Mr. H. W. Elliott, artist of our party, after 

 several ineffectual attempts, I reached the edge of the river, probably 

 about a quarter of a mile below the falls.* Three or four small, warm 

 springs were found on the brink of the water. They caused an abun- 

 dant deposit of iron and gave off carbonic acid gas. A white organic [?] 

 material was contained in the springs. Having no thermometers with 

 us we could not determine the temperature, which we estimated at 

 about 90°. 



The small geyser cone mentioned by Professor Bradley is on the east 

 side of the caiion, and is only one of the springs scattered along this 

 side, although they cannot be followed along the bank of the river. 

 Sulphuretted hydrogen is given off from nearly all of these springs. 

 !None of these are of much importance. 



WAYSIDE GROUP. 



This group of springs is situated on Broad Creek, and are described 

 as follows by Dr. Heizmann : t 



Six miles from Camp 40, on our trail, was found a group of springs in a ravine, tlie 

 npperhalf of which was tilled with extinct springs, where the waier flowing through 

 it was potable, the lower half, with active sources, greatly acidifying it. These were 

 (contents, deposits, &c.) exactly like the last mentioned (Orange Spring Group). 

 Farther on another group, similar to that about Turbid.Lake, exists. Alarge central 

 pond, water 100°, with an outlet giving a considerable flow toward a small creek, is 

 surrounded by many small, clear, bubbling springs, with nearly the same variety of 

 temperature (86^, 150°), and with the same deposits. Near it is a mud-hole (40 by 

 25 feet) in violent agitation, so much so that the mud in its center is sometimes thrown 

 2 to 3 feet into the air — great waves of mud being thrown with considerable force 

 against and over its sides — but in other respects having the same characteristics as 

 those at Turbid Lake. 



ORAXGE CREEK SPRINGS. 



Under this head I shall quote the description of Springs near the 

 head of Orange Creek, given by Dr. Heizmaun, as he is probably the first 

 one who has given any specific account of them. Prof. Comstock refers 

 to them under the head of " Wayside Group and Isolated Springs."f 

 His name, " Wayside Group," I sliall give to another group in the same 

 region, near the head of Broad Creek. Both of the groups are situated 

 in a heavily-timbered region, east of the Grand Caiion of the Yellow- 

 stone, and have never been visited by any of our parties. They are 

 not indicated on the map of the Park. Captain Barlow, in his trip from 

 the " Falls of the Yellowstone" to the East Fork, probably saw some 

 of the springs, but gives no specific description. He says § : 



The whole region is filled with signs of warm-spring formation and brimstone basins, 

 Avith occasional swamps of volcanic mud. » * * Beyond the next ridge was found 

 another pretty stream, having a white, <;halky bottom. Both (probably Orange and 

 Broad Creeks) flow into the Grand Canon of the Yellowstone. Steaming sulphur- 

 jets were discovered on the banks of White Creek (Broad Creek?) 



The following is Dr. Heizmauu's description of the Orange Creek 

 Springs, which are situated at about the forks of the creek : 



"We found a nunjbcr of springs on the bank of Orange Creek, which, where we 

 crossed, had a fine appearance, flowing rapidly between rocky and timbered hills, 

 over a liright orange, siliceous bottom, though its valley is redolent with odors of sul. 



'Report of U. S. Geol. Surv. of Terr., 1871, p. 179. 



i Report of Reconnaissance of N. W. Wyoming, by Capt. W. A. Jones, in 1873, 

 1875, p. 300. 

 tibld., p. 198. 

 ^Senate Ex. Doc. No. GG, 42d Congress, 2d session, p. 40. 



