PEALE.] LOWER GEYSER BASIN EAST FORK SPRINGS. 137 



ture of 193^ F. Above tbe latter, and close to the creek, is a spring in 

 whicli the water rises and falls about once a second with an impulse and 

 sound like a grunt. Its temperature is 192° F. Still farther south a 

 small branch brings in the water from about five springs. The largest 

 of these is a boiling spring with a circular basin 5 feet in diameter, in a 

 black deposit. Its temperature was 172° F. Back of this and tribu- 

 tary to it is a small spring, with a temperature of 17° F. To the right 

 of these two springs is another cluster of three springs. The upper 

 one of these is a clear sulpbur spring, the hottest in the basin, having a 

 temperature of 199° F. Next to it is a white sulphur spring, in which 

 the mercury recorded 183° F., and below the latter a hot sulphur spring 

 of 189° F. in temperature. Back of these springs there are steam jets 

 in a crust, the under side of which is lined with crystals of sulphur. 

 Crossing the creek, the upper spring on the right bank is found. It is 

 a small white-sulphur spring, with a temperature of 128° F. Above 

 this spring the water in the creek is cool. 



Second Group. — About a half mile below the forks there are two 

 springs on the left side of the East Fork. They have beautifully clear 

 water. One is about 20 feet in diameter, and the other about 40. The 

 temperatures are 142° F. and 19-'° F. In one of them the basin into 

 which the water flows is coated with ferric oxide. 



Third Group. — Nearly 3 miles below the forks a warm creek comes 

 into the East Fork from the south. This has its origin in a basin similar 

 to the one already described. ' Dr. Hayden visited it in 1871, and de- 

 scribes it as follows : 



Aljout 2 miles below our first camp [near the forks] ■we passed a pretty little stream 

 flowing down from tbe bills, witb tbe cbannel lined witb a delicate veil of creamy 

 sulpbur. We followed it up tbe valley a balf a mile and came to another group of 

 springs similar to those just described [First Group]. There were a number of 

 steam vents, witb the same variety of delicate linings and shades of coloring. In 

 some of the springs iron predominates, over tbe sulphur, and to these we gave the 

 name of Iron Springs. In others tbe suljihur is in excess, and those we called Sulphur 

 Springs.* 



LOWER GEYSEE BASIN. 



The numbers given to the springs correspond with those on the map, 

 each group having its separate numbers. In the case of the Sixth or 

 Eiver Group w^e were somewhat hurried in our work, and therefore all 

 the numbers do not appear on the map, but each spring is described 

 and almost all of them are actually located on the map. The theoreti- 

 cal boiling point in the Lower Basin is 199°.3 F., but the thermometers 

 were tested and showed that water actually boiled at 199° F. 



' FIRST OR EAST FORK GROUP. 



This group includes a large number of springs which are located 

 mostly in small ravines and along the foot of the hills on the south side 

 of the East Fork of the Fire Hole River. Although extensive it is not 

 of very great importance, there being no very large basins or even a 

 good sized geyser, although there are several small spouting sx)rings 

 which might be termed pseudo geysers, as they throw jets of water sev- 

 eral feet into the air. 



The maps which have been inade do not show the springs of this 

 group in such a manner that they can be identified, so that I have found 



* Report of U. S. Geol. Survey for 1871, p. 103. 



