PEALE.] LOWEK GEYSER BASIN EAST FORK SPRINGS. 141 



We now return to tbe foot of the gulch which contains the principal 

 springs, and find springs 56 to 75 scattered along the foot of the bluff 

 between the gulch and a ravine still farther west. The springs are 

 sufficiently described in the table. Between them and the river are 

 scrubby pines, among which are many old holes that were once springs. 

 In the ravine above referred to springs 76-84 are situated. They are 

 mostly of low temperatures, and all are small. This subgroup, with 'No. 

 85, which is a little farther west, completes the group on the south side 

 of East Fork, with the exception of the Butte Group, yet to be described. 



Springs on north side of East ForTi. — In addition to the springs enumer- 

 ated in the table there are four springs and a mud pot on the opposite 

 side of the stream. They were not visited this year on account of the 

 limited time at our disposal, so I copy from my notes of 1871 and 1872. 



No. 1. This is a circular, funnel-shaped basin 6 feet in diameter, with 

 clear water about 30 feet deep, and a temperature of 162° F. in 1871 and 

 1640 F. in 1872. 



No. 2 is another funnel 3 feet in diameter, with a circular, funnel- 

 shaijed basin with white porcelain-like sides tapering to an orifice of 

 about 4 inches. Its temperature taken in 1871 was 170° F., in 1872 it 

 was 1780 F. 



No. 3. This has an opening about a foot in width, in which the mercury 

 recorded 174° F. in 1871, and 180° F. in 1872. 



No. 4 is the largest, and is somewhat irregular in shape, measuring 16 

 feet in length by 6 feet in width. In 1871 the temperature was 156° F., 

 in 1872 1640 F. 



The measurements given here are the correct ones, those given in 

 1871* being estimated. The differences in temperature not being con- 

 stant are probably due partly to an actual difference in temperature on 

 account of periodicity in action and partly to the difference in place of 

 taking it. 



Below these springs is a mud spring, the contents of which are an 

 agitated mass of thick bluish mud, with a temperature in 1871 of 190, F. 

 The crater or basin of this mud-pot is only about a foot in diameter. 



Below these springs and below the Butte Group there are isolated 

 springs along the banks of the East Fork, which have not been included 

 in the catalogues and are not shown on the map. One of these, near the 

 mouth of the stream, has a temperature of 197°, and is mentioned by 

 Professor Bradley in the reijort for 1872 as having a mucilaginous de- 

 posit on the sides. 



Some of the springs farther up have had cones, but all of them give 

 evidence that their activity is diminishing. 



BUTTE GROUP. 



Below the springs included under the East Fork Group are four or 

 five clusters of springs situated on the south side of the East Fork be- 

 tween and at the foot of the buttes, between which the trail passes out 

 from East Fork into the oj^en flat basin. Only the first cluster was 

 visited for the purx)Oses of examination this year. The others were care- 

 fully examined in 1871, and all are shown on the map. 



First cluster. — This consists of about a dozen or more quiet springs at 

 the foot of the Eastern Butte in a ravine. The temi)eratures of three 

 springs were taken, viz, 140° F., 180° F., 150° F. The side of the hill 

 back of these springs is stained with an iron deposit, and api)ears to be 

 full of extinct spring holes and steam jets. 



*Report for 1871,11. 182. 



