146 REPOET tJNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 



Gonrd, and measures 18 by 16 feet. The depth varies from 8 to 13 

 feet. This of course refers only to the basin of the spring, as at the 

 bottom there are orifices the depth of which cannot be ascertained by 

 the line. There seem to be three centers of ebullition, two of which 

 are very active. At intervals of a few minutes there seems to be an 

 accumulation of steam, the escape of which shakes the ground, making 

 a thud-like noise, whence its name. On looking into this spring 

 the water seems to have an inky-green color, and had a temperature of 

 187° F. The centers of ebullition are in constant action, boiling steadily 

 all the time, but increasing at the time of the thud, which is a low, 

 muffled sound like that in the Fungoid Spring. Ko data were obtained. 

 as to the duration or exact interval of the active periods. 



No. 6. Oalc Leaf Spring. — This is west of the Cliff Spring (No. 7) and 

 north of the Fungoid Spring. The deposit surrounding it has a gray 

 color, and the margin of the basin somewhat resembles a fringe of oak 

 leaves. The spring is about 6 feet in diameter and 15 feet deep, and 

 the water has a greenish tint, with a temperature of 189^ F. AlDout 7 

 feet from the springy and on the same mound, is a small cone o inches 

 high and 2 feet in diameter at the base, in which the temj^erature was 

 186° F. The temperatures taken this year (1878) are lower than those of 

 previous years, the difference being due, probably, to a difference in 

 activity in the spring. The 1878 temperatures were probably taken 

 daring a period of quiescence. 



No. 6. Kidney Spring. — This spring has a very irregular renal shape, 

 whence its name. There are two somewhat globular-shaped arms at 

 right-angles to each other. One is 19 feet in length, and the other 15 

 feet, the average width being about 6 feet and the depth about 1 foot. 

 The spring is fringed with large scallops, each one of which is made up 

 of smaller ones. There are three fissure-like centers of ebullition, out- 

 side of which the basin is white. The temperature was 177° F. The 

 surplus water flows from the spring through a beautiful channel lined 

 with saffron and lemon-yellow colors. This spring is 180 feet from the 

 Oak Leaf (No. 5). 



No. 7. Cliff Spring. — This spring is 240 feet southeast of the spring 

 (No. 0) last described, and 122 feet east of the Oak Leaf. It measures 

 4 feet by 8 feet, and is 5 feet in depth. The deepest portion is at one 

 end of the spring, where there is a cavernous opening, overhung by a 

 scalloped edge. The water here is of a light green color. At the other 

 end there is a rugged fissure, to which the edge of the spring slopes 

 from the surface, having the form in miniature of cliffs. These above 

 the water have a brown color, and below a deep purple. The tempera- 

 ture of the water is 190° F., which is somewhat lower than that obtained 

 in 1872. The overflow of water finds its way from the sirring over an 

 orange-colored bed. 



No. 8. Jug Spring is named from a fancied resemblance of its shape 

 to that of a jug. It is 123 feet from the Cliff Spring (No. 7), and 150 

 feet from Oak Leaf Spring (No. 5). It measures 4 feet by 6 feet. It is 

 3 feet in depth, and is funnel-shaped. The temperature was 190° F., 

 which is higher than that {188° F.) taken in 1872. 



No. 9. Gourd Spring. — This spring is somewhat like a gourd in shape, 

 with a square base, and measures 16 feet by 10 feet. This basin, which 

 is 12 feet deep, is in the center of a large, circular monnd of siliceons 

 material. Its temperature was 165° F. Tne bed of the small stream 

 which carries away the overflow of the spring has a copious depost of 

 iron, and a short distance below we find the gelatinous material {vian- 

 dite f)i ound so frequently in springs of low temperature. 



