PEALE.J 



THERMAL SPEINGS AND GEY SEES OF ICELAND. 



309 



The following table will show at a glance the various observations 

 that have been made upon the Great Geyser: 



Table of observations on the Great Geyser of Iceland. 



^ 00 



Name of observer. 



Size 

 of basin. 



o . 

 - a 



Size of tube. 



£ a 



o s> 





Diame- 

 ter. 



Depth. 



sis 



IK « f- 



1770 1772 





Feet. 

 Diam., 57 



Ft. in. 



Feet. 



Feet. 

 72 



°F. 



Feet. 

 360* 



1772 











6-92 



1772 



Von Troil 



Diam., 59 



9 1 









92t 



17S3 













17i^9 





Diam., 60 



8 



8* 



70 



180-200 



96)71 



1804 





212m 



1809 















100| 



1810 





46 by 56 

 46 by 56 



3 



4 



10 



S-10 



60 



78 



209 

 183-203 



194 

 180-190 



90 



1815 





150 



1833 





90 



1834 





52 by 56 

 46 by 56 



52J 



4 

 3 



10-12 

 12 

 16 



67-70 



80 



1834-1 S35 



Dillon 



40 



1836 





75i 



219§ 



lOSm 



1840 







1845 













100 



1846 











66 



185.4 

 185 

 209 

 188 



140-177?n. 



1846 











162?ii 



1852 













70-75 



1855 





Diam., 72 

 72.6 by 68.1 



4 

 4 



io 



10 



83 

 83.2 





1855 







1856 







60-70 



1859 















200 



1860 



Forbes 













70-80 



1863 



Baring Gould 













90-100 



1864 















iX) 



1864 















100m 



1865 



PaijkuU 









194 





1867 













60 



1874 











70 

 85 







1874 





Diam., 30 









120 



187411 



Walker 







187 

 ^■*228 





1881 





56 by 49 



4 



10 



78f 









* This is probably an estimate, although Mr. Robert Allen says that -well-informed natives do not 

 consider it at all improbable that such a height could be attained. All the heights marked m were act- 

 ually measured. 



t Von Troil .says this height ■was obtained by every member of the party ■writing down the height as 

 it api)earcd to him, and then afterwards they chose the medium height. 



JAs high as Scott monument. 

 • § Thi.s temperature is at the depth of 30 feet. At 60 feet he got a temperature of 255° F. 



II Prof. C G. Rockwood, in Vol. XII, Amer. Jour. Sci. and Arts, 1877, p. 25, says that since the eruptions 

 of December, 1874, and January, 1875, the geysers have dried up and give out only hot smoke and ashes. 

 If thi.s be 80, it is another proof of the connection of volcanic action and thermal springs. 



UThe discrepancies in this column are probably duo to the fact that some of the observers include 

 the deipth of the basin with the depth of tube. 



** This tempeiature was at the bottom of the tube. It would appear that the geyser had come to life 

 again, although Mr. Coles did not see it in action. Just before he was there, however, it had spouted 

 100 feet or more, and was very active. 



Strol'hr or Stroclcr* was first described by Sir John Stanley, who 

 called it the New Geyser. Before 1789 it was an inconsiderable sprinj.-, 

 the name then being applied to another geyser called by Stanley "Tlie 

 Eoaring Geyser." The latter has since become a quiet spring. 



Strokhr is about 120 yards from the Great Geyser. It has no basin 

 like the latter, but gradually narrows from a diameter of 9 feet at the 

 surfiice to 10 inches at 27 feet below the surface. There is a wall or 

 rim on one side, which is about a foot and a half iu height. The other 

 side is level. In the funnel-shaped tube the water is usually from 9 to 

 10 feet below the surface. The temperature does not change much, being 

 at or near the boiling point nearly all the time. It is in a state of con- 



* Stroclcr is derived from the Icelandic verb strocka, to agitate, to briug into niotiou, 

 and means a churn. 



