348 EEPORT UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 



THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 



Thermal springs are known on the islands of Luzon and Mindanao, 

 Sir John Bo wring* giving two localities on the latter. 



The celebrated "Los Banos" on Luzon, near Manila, include about 

 a dozen springs; the highest temperature, according to Clarke Abel, 

 being 180° F.t James D. Dana, of the United States exploring! ®^- 

 pedition, gives a temperature of 178°, and says they were once a fash- 

 ionable resort, but when he was there were only used by washerwomen 

 and to take feathers from fowls. He saj'S, also, that they were the only 

 evidence of volcanic action in what was once the scene of extensive ac- 

 tivity. In 1863, however, the town of Manila was destroyed by an 

 earthquake, and nearly 2,000 people iDerished. What the effect was 

 upon the springs, we do not know. 



H. N. Moseley, one of the naturalists with the Challenger expedition, 

 mentions the occurrence of hot springs on Camiguin Island, 80 miles 

 east of Cebu, with a temperature of 145° F. 



THE MOLUCCAS. 



In the Moluccas, the islands of Batachian, Ceram, and Banda are 

 known to have hot springs; Batachian having geysers also.§ The lat- 

 ter is a volcanic island, and th^ surrounding region is an extensive 

 theater of volcanic action. Those islands that are not per se volcanic 

 are shaken by earthquakes which have their origin in the neighboring 

 islands. 



CELEBES. 



The hot springs and geysers of Celebes are on the peninsula of Min- 

 hassa, which is at the north end of the island; and are comparatively 

 well known, having been described in considerable detail by a number 

 of travelers, especially by Bickmore,|| and Wallace. ^ The following are 

 brief descriptions of the principal localities : 



Lake Linu is in the basin of an extinct crater on the slopes of Mount 

 Klabat, a volcanic cone, at the base of which is a village called Ayer- 

 Madidi, or "Hot Water." The lake is about half a mile in diameter, 

 filled with bluish and bluish- white water. At the north end of the lake 

 is a huge solfatara, from which there is a copious escape of sulphurous 

 gas. 



Langowan. — ^l!^ear Langowan is an almost circular spring measuring 

 48 feet in diameter, from which steam escapes in great quantity, the 

 ■water of which has a temperature of 172°.4 F. 



At Noloh is a similar spring, bowl-shaped, measuring 75 feet across 

 and 20 feet in depth, with sides of soft clay. The stream flowing from 

 this basin has a temperature of 123°.8 F., and the water is opaque. 

 When the stream that flows into the basin is swollen by heavy rains, 

 the spring is said to have eruptions in which the water is thrown 50 feet 

 into the air. It is, therefore, a geyser. 



*A Visit to the Philippine Islands, 1859. 



t Narrative of a Journey in the Interior of China, &c., 1818. 



X U. S. Exploring Expedition, Geology. 



§The Eastern Archipelago, by W. H. Davenport Adams, p. 362. 



II Travels in the East Indian Archipelago, 1869. 



i[ The Malay Archipelago. 



