350 EEPORT UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 



It is marshy, and scattered over its surface are the ruins of ancient 

 Buddhist temples. The following are the springs at or near Dieng: 



Tolofjo Levi or Lin (water in which rice has been washed) is a caldron 

 filled with milky water constantly bubbling and giving off steam. 



Chondero di Moelco or Moclco is a pool of boiling water about 20 feet in 

 diameter, in the center of which are three or four jets of scalding water, 

 which spout variably to the height of 4 or 5 feet. The banks of the 

 pool are of soft, hot sulijhurous mud. 



Talogo Warno is about a mile from the Dieng, and is a small lake in 

 which the waters are said to be of many colors. "A bright yellow at 

 one part and an emerald green at another; here a T)eautiful azure, and 

 there a delicate rose; then orange and milky white — all these hues 

 blending and merging into one another as softly and gradually as the 

 tints of a humming-bird's plumage.* 



Kawa Kiwung is a hot, muddy valley between the Brambanan and 

 Modrodo, in which there is said to be another spring that is in constant 

 ebullition, sending up tall columns of water, but to what height is not 

 stated. 



Springs at Bongas Village. 



The hot wells of Bongas Village in Java, are on a gently inclining 

 plain which is perfectly white from the spring deposits, and occupy an 

 area measuring about 100 yards in circumference. Sulphurous vapors 

 rise from it, and the water comes from several apertures, the hottest 

 temperature being , 130° F. The deJ)osits are mainly calcareous and 

 coat shrubs and branches exposed to the water.t 



Mud Springs. 



Mud springs, called Bledeg by the natives, are mentioned by Dr. Hors- 

 field as being situated between Grabogan and Blera, on a plain, cover- 

 ing an area of half an English mile. The explosions are said to be 

 more violent during the rainy season. In temperature the springs are 

 lukewarm. 



The following description is by Dr. Horsfield : 



About the center of tlie limestone district is found an extraordinary volcanic phe- 

 nomenon. On approaching the spot from a distance it is first discovered by a large 

 volume of smoke, rising and disappearing at intervals of a few seconds, resembling 

 the vapors arising from a violent surf, whilst a dull noise is heard like that of distant 

 thunder. Having advanced so near that the vision was no longer impeded by the 

 smoke, a large hemispherical mass was observed, consisting of a black earth, mixed 

 with water, about 16 feet in diameter, rising to the height of 20 or 30 feet in a perfectly 

 regular manner, and, as it were, pushed up by a force ' beneath, which suddenly ex- 

 ploded with a dull noise and scattered about a volume of black mud in every 

 direction. After an interval of two or three, or sometimes four or five, seconds the 

 hemispherical body of mud or earth rose and exploded again. 



SUMATRA. 



In Sumatra the volcanic line so prominent in Java is continued, with 

 the direction changed, i. e., to the northwest, and it extends to the 

 Nicobar and Andaman Islands. As in Java, the thermal springs are 



*The Eastern Archipelago, Adams, p. 71. 



t Essay on Mineralogy of Java, by Dr. Horsfield, in Vol. IX, Batavian Trans., quoted 

 in History of Java by Sir Thomas S. Raffles. 



