358 



EEPORT UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 



Judd, in Ms "Volcanoes," says that 180,000 gallons are poured daily 

 from the Bath Spring in England. 



The following table shows the outflow of a number of American 

 springs : 



Kame of springs. 



Number of 

 gallons per 

 minute. 



Authority. 





6,000 



1,400 



500 



360 



200 



50 



15 

 9 



8 



Walton's Springs of the United Statea 

 and Canada. 

 Do. 







Do. 





Do. 



Snlphui Springs, Middle Park, Colorado 



Geyser Spring, Ojoa Calientes, New Mexico 



Do. 

 Dr. Loew, Vol. HI, report TJnited 

 States Geoffraphic Surveys West of 

 100th Meridian. 

 Do. 



Warm Springs, Madison County, North Carolina. 



Walton. 







It can readily be seen that the amount of heat taken from the earth 

 through the agency of warm and hot springs, which are continuous in 

 their actiouj must be enormous. 



LIFE IN HOT SPRINGS. 



One of the most interesting subjects in connection with thermal 

 springs is the presence of animal and vegetable life in waters that are 

 hot. There is a wide field for investigation in this particular, and the 

 Yellowstone National Park will be a most favorable place in which to 

 carry it on, both on account of the numbers of its springs and of their 

 great range in temperature. So much time has had to be taken up 

 with mere preliminary work that, as yet, little has been done in this 

 direction. 



Animal life. — The only instance of the presence of animal life in the 

 hot springs of the Yellowstone Park yet noted is the discovery in 1872, 

 by Mr. W. R. Taggart, one of the geological assistants of the survey, of 

 larvse of Kelicopsyclie in water having a temperature of 108° F. 



Instances of animal life in warm springs of other places are as fol- 

 lows: 



Mrs. Partz saw in springs in Owens Valley, California, a spider-liko 

 animal and small red worms in water having a temperature of 124° P.* 



On the Pacific plains, in Tehuantepec, between the iiasses of Tarifa 

 and Chivela, the United States exploring expedition in 1872 found fish 

 in springs of 94° P. temperature. Cattle also drank this water; and in 

 springs in the Pass of Chivela fish were found in water that was at 98° F. 



According to Mr. James Eichardsont the springs of Ghasa and Toser 

 in Morocco, have fish in water that has a temijerature of 95° P., and 

 turtles live in the warm springs near Utica.| 



Vegetable life. — The presence of vegetable life in warm and even in 

 very hot waters is of frequent occurrence in all regions of warm and 

 hot springs, the bright green confervoid growths being common in thick 



*See American Jounial of Science and Arts, Yol. 46, 2d series, p, 31. 



t Travels in the Great Desert of Sahara. 



t Fish have been ejected from volcanoes. According to Lyell (Principles of Geology, 

 p. 348), so great a quantity of fish were ejected from the volcano of Imbaburu, in the 

 Andes, in 1691, that prevailing fevers were attributed to tlie effluvia from the putrid 

 animal matter. 



