PEALE.J 



ANALYSES OF SILICEOUS WATERS. 



391 



constituents quantitatively. In 1873 Surgeon Heizmann determined 

 that the water of " Old Faithful" contains ".14 grams of silica to the 

 litre, with lime, a very small quantity of iron, alumina, and magnesia, 

 carbonates, sulphides, chlorides."* 



The water of another spring (not quantitatively analyzed), at the lower 

 end of the Upper Fire Hole Basin he found, contained alumina, iron, 

 magnesia, carbonates, chlorides, and sulphides, but no lime. 



In the Lower Fire Hole Basin one specimen was secured, viz, from 

 the "Jug Spring" in the Thud Group. 



Jug Spring. — This spring (N'o. 8 in the Thud Group on the map of the 

 Lower Geyser Basin) is 4 by 5 feet, and has a temperature of 190° F. 

 The water is clear, and has an alkaline reaction. 



The analysis gives the following : 





Grama to litre. 



Grains to impe- 

 rial gallon. 





0.020 

 0. 274 

 0.208 

 Traces. 

 0.492 



1.400 





19. 180 



Sili ca 



14. 5C0 









34. 440 









0.994 



09. 580 



The xjrobable composition of this water is as follows : 



Grains to imperial gallon. 



Calchim sulphate 2.030 



Sodium chloride 3L570 



Sodium carbonate 50. 750 



Silica .^ 1 14.560 



98. 910 



GIBBON GEYSER BASIN. 



The Gibbon Geyser Basin is the one most recently discovered within 

 the limits of the Yellowstone Park, Col. P. W. Norris, superintendent 

 of the Park, having given the first description of it. The chart of its 

 springs given in Chapter VI, Part I, is the first ever plotted, and the 

 analyses here presented the first that have been made. The complete 

 description will be found in Part I. 



Echinus Geyser (No. 45 on the chart) is 40 feet in diameter, surrounded 

 with blue, gray, and reddish border, forming a thin coating on the rocks, 

 which are plainly visible, not being concealed by the deposits, proba- 

 bly because of the comparatively recent age of the spring. Below the 

 sjmng are maroonred terraces of minute size. The water is greenish 

 in tint, has a temperature of 180° F., is acid in reaction, and gives the 

 following analysis: 



Grams to litre. 



Grains to impe- 

 rial gallon. 



Sulphuric acid 



Chlorine 



Silica 



Sodium 



Calcium 



Magnesium — 



0.112 

 0.118 

 0. 280 

 0. 200 



Traces. 



7.840 



8. 2G0 



19. COO 



14. 420 



Traces. 



50. 120 



Jones Report, N. W. Wyoming, p. 303. 



