84 — 



Ol 



Die Gattungsnamen lErigone, Ericia 

 und Nordenskioeldia 



sind in der Zoologie wiederholt verwendet worden. — 

 Erigone ist prioritätsberechtigt in der Araneologie, ist 

 aber nachher in die Dipterologie eingeführt worden 

 (von Eobineau-Desvoidy 1830); diese Dip- 

 terengattung wurde 1903 von Speiser in Varicliaeta 

 umgetauft (in: Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. 1908, p. 69), wo- 

 durch aber bloss ein neues Synonym geschaffen wurde 

 (cfr. Katalog der palaearkt. Dipteren III, p. 210). Dann 

 wurde 1850 eine Molluskengattung Erigone genannt 

 (von Alb er s in: Die Hehceen, Berlin 1850, p. 92); 

 für diese schlage ich den neuen Namen Helerigone Strd. 

 vor. 



Der Name Ericia wurde zuerst einer Mollusken- 

 gattung gegeben (von Moquin-Tandon in: Pac- 

 liot Cyclostom. 1848), dann einer Lepidopterengattung 

 (von Walker in: List Heterocera British Mus. 85, 

 p. 1802 (1866); letztere nenne ich Ericiana Strd. — 

 Nebenbei sei erwähnt, dass es ausserdem eine Gattung 

 Erizia gibt (unter Sauria, von Gray in: Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. London 1864 aufgestellt). 



Nordenskioeldia ist prioritätsberechtigt in der Cole- 

 opterologie (von Sahlberg in: Kgl. Sv. Vet. Akad. 

 Handl. (2) XVII, No. 4, p. 96 (1880) aufgestellt). Für 

 die 1907 von Koenike (in: Abhandh naturw. Ver. 

 Bremen, Bd. 19, p. 127) geschaffene Hydrachniden- 

 gattung Nordenskioeldia (nach dem finnischen Zoologen 

 Erik Nordenskiöld benannt) schlage ich den 

 Namen Erikia Strd. vor. 



E m b r i k S t r a n d (Berhn). 



The Old Inhabitants 

 of a Jerusalem Garden. 



by A. H. Sivinton, 

 (Continuation). 



The Jewish antiquities of Jerusalem will be found 

 to consist in long and large stones fitted with a nice 

 bevel that enclose the Temple area, in the centre of 

 which is a' stone said to be the threshing floor of Oman 

 or Araunah, the Jebusite chieftain, under which there 

 is a well; it is covered by the mosque known as the Dome 

 of the Eock: there is also a vault with Eoman and Egyp- 

 tian columns. Below in the Kedron ravine stand a row 

 of grey monuments with Doric and Jonic sculpture and 

 away to the north lie storied, empty sepulchres some of 

 which have their entrances closed by a millstone running 

 in a groove; near Bethany, so called, are the remains of 

 small houses and olive presses such as gave a name to 

 Gethsemane. At the side of the roadway leading there, 

 near the north-east angle of the town wall, where the 

 Ateuchus sacer, or mortuary beetle, may be seen rolling 

 its ball among the moth mulleins that rise like towers 

 of perfume, I one day unearthed some pieces of lacquered 

 tiles similar to those of which the mosque is fabricated, 

 and certain strips of copper that had been used to colour 

 them. Proceeding onward, under the ochery town wall, 

 the jasper bulwarks of the hymnal, I came to a plot of 

 bearded wheat overrun with wiry darnel, Lolium temu 

 lentum, or tares, and here the Centurea calcitrapa, or 

 star thistle, was also sadly abundant; known to the 

 Eomans as Tribolus, from its heads resembling a ball 

 with spikes used in warfare this gave rise to a sajàng: 

 'Do men gather figs of thistles'. It was the commen- 



cement of June, down in the valley of the summer dry 

 Kedron, as of old at Bethlehem Ephratah, when Euth 

 was among the gleaners, cows and mules were circling 

 round the heaped up threshing floors and raising clouds 

 of chaff, recalling the judgement on evil doers; and now 

 in the gardens where the clayey soil was cleft by the 

 drought, Solomon's Ants, identified by Mr. Edward 

 Saunders as Aphaenogaster barbara, were heaping up 

 mimic tumuli of grass glums and medic seeds; another 

 black ant, Myrmecocystus viaticus, was running about 

 excitedljr with its abdomen elevated, and a larger, soli- 

 tary, more or less orange kind, Camponotus maeulatus, 

 crawled more slowly where the shadows fell : All were 

 busy and industrious, beneath a pale blue sky unclouded 

 and wearisome from its monotony; but it does not appear 

 it is always so, for once during wheat harvest Samuel 

 undertook to say there would be a thunderstorm with 

 rain, and this very year the early spring corn had sprouted 

 in Moab. 



A minute Aley rodes, that resembled a small white 

 moth, which I noticed one day spin round and round 

 like a dancing dervish on a leaf, scattering abroa(i a white 

 powder, brought to mind that insects have been useful 

 to man. The Kermès, or crimson worm, is only found 

 in Palestine where holm oak grows; and the Coccus 

 discharges the juice of the tamarix in the southern desert, 

 which, being boiled and strained, furnishes honey: Aleppo 

 is famous for its ink galls; others are injurious. No doubt 

 the heavily armed Eoman soldier comiDlained of the 

 rust on his armour caused by the corroding sea breeze 

 that in ordinary j'ears blows cold on the hills of Judea 

 throughout the parching heat of summer, and the high 

 priests in the pride of their scarlet vestments had no 

 immunity from the attacks of the clothes moths which 

 abound sporadically: I searched for a specimen in the 

 lodging house and could only discover the little grey, 

 spotted. Tinea subalbidella, a whitish relative of our 

 brownish fur moth, described by Stainton, which being 

 peculiar to Jerusalem may have had the honour of 

 fretting the garment. An ever present plague consisted 

 in three kinds of gnat, the common Culex pipiens, a 

 fulvous relative, and a black and white spotted gnat; 

 besides which there were the sand-flies, or Cicindela, 

 that annoyed the Crusaders; little live sparks that 

 descended unawares like snowflakes. One day when 

 I accompanied a Miss Bowyer, who had a visit to pay 

 on Miss Crawford, a well known resident , at Bethany 

 and a truty charitable lady ; horse-flies came and stuck 

 on the flanks of the mule like hobnails just as we were 

 passing the slaughter house where Pharoah's hens were 

 gathered, these were somewhat larger and yellower than 

 the English Hippobosca equina and more variegated, 

 not unlike the Indian varietj^ that Westwood named 

 maculata. 



At the end of the diningroom of the lodging house, 

 near a niche once occupied by a statuette of the Virgin, 

 hung a faded palm bough; young palms, Phoenix dacty^ . 

 lifera, resembling from their seed leaves broad-leaved 

 plantains, often sprang up from the date stones cast on 

 the refuse heap, and my landlady brought in one she 

 kept in the kitchen, that was growing in a biscuit tin, 

 to show to her visitors : but save two or three lank trees 

 in the little town of Jerusalem, which in their old age ■ 

 rarely matured then- fruit, the emblem of Juda that 

 furnished the festive booth and warrior's wreath was .• 

 absent from the landscape. In Nehemiah's day it adorned , 

 the bare slope of Olivet. Where the Jordan seen from ; 

 its summit meanders along its sandy hollow fringed with 

 willows, Archelaus built a palace and in the gardens he 

 irrigated from the Fountain of Elisha, he planted many 



