X.—TuHeE Bermuupa Istanps: THEIR ScENERY, CLIMATE, PRopvuc- 
TIONS, PuysioGRAPHY, Natura History, AnD GEOLOGY ; WITH 
SKETCHES OF THEIR Harty History anp THE CHaNncEesS Dux 
To Man.* 
By Anppison E. VERRILL. 
In the preparation of the following descriptive account of the Ber- 
muda Islands, I have aimed to provide a work that may meet most of 
the needs of large numbers of persons who go to the islands annually 
for health, pleasure, or study, and who may wish to learn as much as 
possible about the islands and their principal productions, without 
being obliged to consult a library, or burden themselves with many 
books.+ 
At the same time I have tried to make it so comprehensive and 
accurate, both as to text and illustrations, that it may serve as a 
standard reference book for students and libraries generally, in 
respect to the various subjects treated, though many of them are 
here necessarily treated rather briefly. 
In regard to the Marine Zodélogy, which is a very extensive subject, 
requiring hundreds of additional illustrations, the rather brief and 
general accounts here included are intended to be in a popular form, 
and to illustrate the more conspicuous and important species, such as 
visitors are likely to meet with and wish to know about. But I do 
not intend to give here complete lists of the species in any of the 
larger groups, for that would require a large volume.{ 
Much fuller accounts of the Marine Zodlogy will be provided in a 
series of monographs now being prepared by the author and others. 
Some of these have already been published, and others are nearly 
ready for the press.§ 
The observations and collections on which this work is based were 
chiefly made during two expeditions to the Bermudas: one made in 
the spring of 1898, when I was accompanied by three students from 
* Copyright 1902, by A. E. Verrill. 
+ It should be understood that most of the fishes and other marine animals 
and much of the vegetation are identical with those of the Bahamas, Porto 
Rico, and other West Indian Islands, so that this work will also be useful in 
any of these islands. 
{ The total number of marine species now known is over 1000. Of fishes 
there are about 200 species. 
§ See the Bibliography at the end of this work. 
