136 A. EF. Verrill— The Bermuda Islands. 548 
So much of the time and labor of the people was required for this 
fortification work that the planting of corn and other crops was too 
much neglected, so that a famine ensued in the winter of 1614-1615, 
though this was probably not the only cause of it. Drought and 
tempests had intervened to destroy their creps in 1613, The Lon- 
don Company was chiefly to blame for this lack of food, for they 
required of Mr. Moore, above all else, that he should fortify the 
place at once, but they did not send out sufficient supplies of any 
kind. As in many other colonization schemes, there was too much 
ignorance, cupidity, and gross mismanagement on the part of the 
Company. 
The “Elisabeth,” with 30 colonists, arrived next, about March, 
1613; the “ Martha” arrived in June, 1613, with about 60 passen- 
gers. ‘The “Elisabeth” brought 40 more passengers in September, 
1613,* and also the first potato roots. Tobacco was also planted in 
1613, but it had been raised in i610 and 1611 by the men left there. 
The population, in 1622, as stated by Governor Butler, was 1500, 
but he may not have included the women and children. In 1629, it 
was said by Capt. John Smith to have been between 2,000 and 
3,000. 
The colonists began at once to cut down and burn the forests of 
cedar and palmetto, not only in order to clear the land for planting, 
but for building fortifications, for firewood, and for other purposes. 
Governor Moore almost immediately began to fortify the hills and 
islands near St. George’s, as instructed by the Company and con- 
firmed by a special vessel, sent out only six months later to warn 
him of the expected war with Spain and a probable attack on the 
islands. This compulsion to build forts before houses, and to mount 
cannon before planting corn, kept the settlers from planting as 
much corn and other edibles as they should have done, both at this 
time and in later years. 
Their first crop of corn was good, according to Hughes (1614), 
* The sending out of these earlier vessels at such unusually short intervals 
was mainly due to the desire of the Company to receive the exceedingly large 
and valuable mass of ambergris, weighing about 180 pounds, that the three men 
that had been left on the islands for two years had found (see pp. 517, 546), and 
which, at about that time, was valued at 5 pounds sterling to the ounce. 
Governor Moore discreetly divided the mass into three parts, and would only 
send one portion at a time. As each vessel brought additional supplies, of 
which they were greatly in need, this course was very beneficial to the people, 
although it displeased the London Company, for they cared only or chiefly for 
immediate gain, and wished to cause a rapid rise in the price of the stock of the 
Company. 
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