144 A. EF. Verrilli—The Bermuda Islands. 556 
Wages at the islands were paid in tobacco at the rate of 3¢ per 
pound in 1670, which was probably more than its net value, after 
the imposts were paid in London. 
The revenue from the tobacco was the main source of profit to the 
Bermuda Company, and they jealously guarded the monopoly of the ~ 
trade in it during the entire period that they controlled the islands, 
or up to 1684.* 
The quantity and quality varied exceedingly in different years, 
from a variety of causes, but the Company annually and continually 
complained of its bad quality. Stringent laws were in force for 
many years requiring careful inspection of all the tobacce by official 
inspectors before it was shipped, and the bad tobacco was to be 
immediately burned. Apparently the dampness of the climate was 
unfavorable for the proper curing of the tobacco, and in wet seasons 
much of it rotted. In some years the growing tobacco was badly 
damaged or destroyed by violent storms. This is recorded as occur- 
ring in August, 1629, 1651, 1668, and in other years. Probably all 
the autumnal hurricanes had this effect. Doubtless many of the 
growers were neither skillful nor careful in the art of curing, but 
the storms and other natural causes were important factors. On the 
other hand, in some seasons the crop was large and the quality good. 
I have been unable to find any record of fertilizers of any kind 
being imported or used during all these years. Probably nothing 
was used except a small amount of barnyard manure, and perhaps in 
some cases, seaweed and dead fishes. The domestic animals were 
few, and the cattle do not require housing in winter, so that such 
manure must have been scarce and little used. 
* A law making the stealing of tobacco plants a felony, punishable with death, 
was passed in 1623 :— 
“And be yt ennacted by the same, that if any p.son or p.sons shall at any 
tyme or tymes hereafter enter into or upon the lands or grounds of any other 
person or p.sons w* in the Island, aforesaid where any Tobacco or plants thereof 
shal be planted or growinge and shali there steale, drawe, plucke up, gather or 
carrye away any Tobacco or Tobacco plants against the good will or without the 
special lycense and consent of the owner of the same land, and be thereof law- 
fully convicted, that then every p.son soe offending shal be held and reputed a 
fellon and shall suffer death for the same, as for any other fellonious deed, Any 
Act, law, usage or Custom to the contrary thereof in any wise notwithstanding.” 
This law was so modified, in 1627, that the thief was to be fined 200 pounds of 
tobacco, or if an apprentice, he was to be whipped ; and in addition, in either 
case, he was to stand at the church door, during services, with a bunch of 
tobacco plants hanging from his neck, on three successive Sabbath days. 
