158 A. EH. Verrill—The Bermuda Tslands. 5470 
from the first, and many were imprisoned and finally sent away. 
Many Catholics were deported to Barbadoes in 1672, and others 
were banished at various times. So long as the islands were goy-. 
erned by the Company, Catholics, if known, were thus summarily 
disposed of. Very few, it seems, went there except in the case of 
shipwreck. — 
Capt. John Smith, 1629, stated that the population was then from 
2,000 to 3,000. 
In 1648 there was a levy of 17 lbs. of tobacco from every house- 
holder, making a total of 5,571 lbs. This would make 328 house- 
holders, not counting slaves. Tobacco was then reckoned at 1s 6d 
per pound. 
In the official statement made by the Company to the Government, 
in 1679, the total population was put at 8,000: 400 planters ; about 
1,000 white men able to bear arms; births, about 120 annually (about 
one-half christened); deaths, about 20 annually. 
Apparently the population decreased considerably after the dis- 
solution of the Company in 1684, as did the area of land cultivated.* 
Probably it did not increase materially, if at all, during any part of 
the next century, but during most of that time it was undoubtedly - 
much diminished; it has very much increased during the past forty 
years. 
In 1789, the population was estimated at 10,381, of which 5,462 
were white, and 4,919 negroes and mulattoes. The total in 1833 was 
stated at 9,195: of which 4,297 were white; 3,612 slaves;t and 1,286 
free colored. In 1835, the total was officially given as 8,810: of 
which 4,259 were white and 4,459 colored. 
The emancipation of the slaves, just before that time, apparently 
led to a considerable decrease in the number of the colored people 
by emigration, but since then they have increased more rapidly than 
the whites, in spite of a much higher death rate. 
In 1842 there were 4,058 whites, 4,566 colored ; total 8,624. The 
births were 130 whites, 206 colored; deaths, 75 whites, 137 colored. 
Ratios of deaths per 1,000: 19 whites, 30 colored. 
In 1871, the total population was 12,121. According to the census 
of 1891, the total population was 15,013: whites, 5,960, colored, 
* The amount of land cultivated in 1832 is said to have been 456 acres; in 
1833, 587 acres, with 3,258 acres in pasture, feeding 1,897 cattle, 215 horses, 148 
sheep, 243 goats. In 1835, 601 acres were cultivated. In 1901, according to 
the census returns, 2,636 acres were cultivated. 
+ There is a curious discrepancy here, for the number of slaves reported for 
emancipation and valuation the next year, 1834, was 4,026, an increase of over 
400 in a year. 
