585 A. E. Verrill— The Bermuda Islands. 173 
Gromwell. (Lithospermum distichum Ort.) 
Found only by the sea-side, probably native. A plant of Mexican 
origin. 
Sea-side Vine. (Jpomcea pes-capre Sweet). 
A very common native vine growing close to the sea-shore and on 
the sand-dunes, where it is useful in binding the sand. The leaves 
are roundish and fleshy. Flowers purple ; two inches long. 
Black Mangrove; Olive Mangrove; Black Jack. (Avicenna nitida 
Jacq.) 
Figure 43. Puate LXXIV, Ficure 1. 
An evergreen native tree, of the Verbena family, very common in 
the mangrove swamps, associated with the true mangrove. Found 
also on the tropical coasts of America and Africa. It resembles the 
mangrove in size and foliage. 
Sea Orache. (Atriplex cristata H. B.) 
A grayish, erect, sea-side shrub, common on the North Shores. 
Widely distributed on the tropical American coasts. 
Glasswort; Samphire. (Salicornia fruticosa L.) 
Abundant in salt marshes. Widely distributed. 
Sea-side Grape; Grape Mangrove. (Coccoloba uvifera L.) 
Puates LXXXI-LXXXITI. 
This curious polygonaceous tree is common along the South Shore, 
just above high-water mark, where it forms a good windbreak in 
many places, as near Hungry Bay. It sometimes grows also in the 
marshes. 
It seems to be nearly immune against the poisonous nature of salt 
spray. Indeed, in many places the great waves of the September, 
1899, hurricane swept directly over and far beyond the row of Sea- 
side Grapes, often laying bare many of their roots, and breaking 
their branches, but yet without killing them. It might be set out 
to advantage in many other exposed situations. 
When old there may be a short, stout, basal trunk or root-crown, 
two to four feet in diameter (sometimes 21 feet in circumference 
and two or three feet high, according to Lefroy), from which a num- 
ber of stout trunks, sometimes six or seven, arise in a cluster, some of 
