623 A. EF. Verrill—The Bermuda Islands. 211 
fully cultivated corne (maize), pumpkins, melons, beans, peas, 
tobacco, and other garden vegetables not recorded. (See p. 545.) 
The first party of settlers, according to Hughes and Governor 
Moore, succeeded in raising a good crop from the seeds that they 
planted, although they arrived in July. Probably they had the 
benefit of the experience of the three pioneers, and were favored 
with a wet summer. Moore stated that the first settlers planted at 
that time “four score and one” kinds of seeds, but only a few were 
named by him, among which were the melon and cucumber. Their 
next crop was nearly a failure, according to Hughes (see p. 549), and 
probably many kinds of plants, that they tried, died out at once. 
Probably parsnips, radishes, carrots, turnips, beets, lettuce, and 
the English artichoke were introduced at this time, if not by the 
pioneers in: 1610; the first two were mentioned as abundant, by 
Governor Butler, in 1619, and Capt. Smith mentioned the artichoke 
in 1624. 
American potatoes, which had then been known in England for 
only about sixteen years, were sent over by the Company in 1613 
and planted. ‘They increased rapidly, but through carelessness were 
nearly lost again soon after, but the supply was replenished from 
two stray tubers, accidentally found. From these they soon obtained 
a large increase. A shipment of 20,000 lbs. of potatoes to Vir- 
ginia, which is recorded even in 1620, well illustrates their rapid 
increase. 
Indian corn, first raised in 1610, was at first, and for many years 
after, the principal article of vegetable food; though sweet potatoes, 
common potatoes, and pumpkins were largely used. 
In the Commission of Governor Tucker, February, 1616, reference 
is made to the various seeds that were sent out, at that time, with 
directions for planting them and caring for the young plants. 
Among the plants then sent were grape vines and vine cuttings, 
with directions to plant new cuttings every year, the seeds of anise, 
cummin, sweet fennel, sweet marjorum, basil, onions, mulberry, 
oranges, lemons, and citrons. 
Governor Tucker was described as a good gardener, and doubtless 
he planted and reared all these species, though most of them never 
became of any commercial importance, as the Company hoped they 
would. 
The oranges, lemons, and grapes seem to have succeeded best, for 
seven years later, in 1623, a law was passed imposing penalties on 
those who shonld steal oranges, lemons, grapes, and other fruits. 
