214 A. EF. Verrill—The Bermuda Islands. 626 
has given a valuable annoted list of those that he planted, stating 
whether they lived or died, which is a very useful record. He 
received large numbers of plants from the botanical garden at Cam- 
bridge, Mass. 
/ 
d.— Accidental Introduction of Injurious Weeds. 
Ever since the first settlement there has been a constant influx of 
undesirable weeds, mostly introduced accidentally or unintentionally. 
Many of these have come in by planting impure seeds of common 
cultivated plants, which are constantly imported. Many have 
undoubtedly been brought in imported hay, straw, and other mer- 
chandise. Others which adhere by hooks to clothing, the wool of 
imported sheep, etc., have thus been accidentally introduced. Some 
have certainly arrived by means of seeds contained in the earth 
adherent to the roots of imported trees and shrubs, or in the earth 
of potted plants. 
By these and other means, large numbers of weeds, common in 
Europe and America, or in the West Indies, have been added to the 
flora, and having become completely naturalized, it is often impos- - 
sible, at the present time, to tell whether they were indigenous, or 
introduced later by man. Some of the weeds have probably arrived 
from Madeira in the onion seeds that are imported in large quan- 
tities. 
A considerable number, however, which were originally cultivated 
plants, have escaped from gardens. and permanently established 
themselves in all suitable places, growing as freely and abundantly 
as if indigenous, until some of them have now become troublesome 
weeds. ‘ 
As examples of this mode of introduction we may mention the 
scarlet sage (Salviu coccinea); the Mexican ageratum (Ageratum 
tried, and on a larger scale, in many varied localities. The English oak has 
flourished on the hot and barren voleanic plains of St. Helena, and possibly it 
might grow on the hills of Bermuda. The American oaks planted by Lefroy did 
not flourish. Their foliage is very sensitive to sait spray, except perhaps the 
live-oak, which was not tried. Among American trees that resist salt spray, the 
cotton-wood, honey-locust, red-bud, and Kentucky coffee tree may be mentioned. 
We should also expect that many of the trees and shrubs of southern Japan 
might also flourish here, and be used near the seashore, because many of them 
are very resistant to the action of salt spray. On the New England coast the 
Japanese or ‘‘California” privet; the Japan rose (Rosa rugosa); and the 
Japan thorn (Hleaginus) are all remarkable for their resistance to the action of 
sea water. The S. Pacific Araucarian pines and the Bahama pine should be 
fully tried. 
