294 A. HE. Verrill—-The Bermuda Islands. 636 
The Citron, (Citrus medica L.). The Shaddock, (C. decwmana L.). 
The Forbidden Fruit, (C. dec., var. buxifolia Poin.). The 
Grape Fruit, (C. dec., var. racemosa R. & P.). The Lime, 
(C. aurantium, var. spinosissima Mey.). 
These are all cultivated, more or less, but are not abundant. They 
suffered from the same scale-insects that destroyed the orange trees. 
Bitter Orange. (Citrus aurantium, var. bigaradia Duh.) 
This is a very handsome tree when full of its large and handsome, 
but inedible, fruit or decked with its large and fragrant flowers. Its 
leaves are large, glossy, dark green. 
Grape Vines ( Vitis vinifera L.), and other species. 
Numerous efforts were made to cultivate the vine on a commercial 
scale in the early years of the colony, but never with success, though 
more or less grapes have always been raised for domestic use. 
The cuttings sent out from London by the Company in early 
times were varieties of the true wine grape of Europe. Among the 
plants mentioned as sent out with Governor Tucker, in May, 1616, 
were “‘vynes and vyne cuttinges.” Cuttings of ‘white vines” are 
mentioned in a letter from the Company to Governor Tucker without 
date, but apparently late in 1616. They grew well but did not pro- 
duce much fruit. 
In a letter to Governor Butler, in 1620, the Company required 
that he should see that every owner or sharer of land should plant 
at least one acre of each share to vines and one acre to sugar canes, 
“of such ground as is fittinge.” But the Governor, in reply to this 
part of the letter, said that he could “find not the grounds therof 
answerable to your hopes,” and added the following remarks, accord- 
ing to his “ Historye”: 
““Concerneinge vines here, I confesse they conserned me much 
this Springe, for so admirably wer they taken and sett at the first, 
that I verily thought to have presented you with a vessell of 
Sommers-Ilands wine, and to that end had them diligently tended 
and fenced, but when I expected their matureing, not one cluster 
of five hundred came to perfection, but groweinge into a kind of 
hardnesse and shyneinge like a horne, they still proved rotten 
instead of being ripe. Whence this cause of miscarriage and sick- 
nesse proceedes some vigneron must tell you.” 
This description indicates that they were affected with some fun- 
gous disease. Probably the climate is too moist for this variety of 
