755 A. E. Verrill—The Bermuda Islands. 343 
troublesome, so that one or more species may have been native. 
See Butler’s account, 1619, quoted on p. 737. 
Mr. Hurdis (Rough Notes, p. 324) mentions two species of injuri- 
ous ants, viz: the small House-ant (fig. 110), and a much larger one 
which he supposed to be of West Indian origin. The latter was 
especially troublesome by destroying food of all kinds. He also 
stated that they were destructive to rabbits, both old and young.* 
He also says that during seven summers previous to 1848 
‘< Bermuda has been infested with ants to a fearful degree,” but dur- 
ing that summer their numbers were greatly decreased, by some 
unknown cause. This must have been distinct from both the small 
species named above. Probably this is also the one that is said to 
destroy honey, in the hives. 
Figure 109.—Ichneumon parasite of Cockroach (Evania), male; and 6, pupa; 
slightly enlarged ; after Packard. Figure 110.—House Ant (Monomorium 
minutum) ; a, female; 6, worker; x5. Figure 111.—Pavement or Garden 
Ant (Letramorium ceespitum); a, female; x3; 6, worker; x4. Both ants 
from Webster’s International Dictionary; after Marlatt. 
European Black Ant. (Formica nigra lL.) This common European 
species was recorded by W. F. Kirby as collected in Bermuda by the 
Challenger Exped. (Annals & Mag. Nat. Hist., xiii, p. 404, 1884). 
Dr. Fr. Dahl (Plankton Exped., i, pt. 1, p. 109) records two addi- 
tional species: 
Pheidole pusilla (Heer). Smith, Catal. Brit. Mus. Hym., vi, p. 173, 
pl. ix, figs. 18-20. A small species related to the agricultural ants. 
The major workers or soldiers have remarkably large heads and 
powerful jaws. Specimens of both the major and minor workers of 
this species, taken at St. Davids L, in October, were sent to me by 
*<** Fill and dale and even the dweilings of men were equally alive with this 
insect pest. Dense columns of them might be seen travelling up and down 
every tree, and great was the havoc they occasioned among young pigeons and 
poultry, nor did the full-grown domestic rabbit escape their deadly attack, and 
pigs were sometimes destroyed by them.” Rough Notes, p. 324. 
