352 A. E. Verrill—The Bermuda Islands. 764 
and two posteriorly, on the eighth abdominal. It feeds here on the 
“red head” or false ipecac (Asclepias curassavica), a common intro- 
duced weed. In other countries it feeds on various other species of 
Asclepias (milk-weeds). 
This butterfly is remarkable for its strong wings and long vigorous 
flights, and also for its migratory habits. In southern New Eng- 
land it assembles in autumn in vast flocks, often of many thousands, 
which alight to rest on the same tree every night for several weeks 
early in autumn, and finally they all fly away southward together. 
I have observed these flocks on the same tree (or on adjacent trees 
when disturbed) for over thirty years on Outer Island, in Long 
Island Sound, not far from New Haven, Conn. They assemble 
gradually each year, at about the same date, in September, but the 
time of their southward flight varies somewhat according to the tem- 
perature, and may be influenced by the abundance or scarcity of the 
aster and goldenrod blossoms, upon which they chiefly depend for 
food at this season. Farther south some of these butterflies hibernate 
and come out again in early spring. 
It is well known that this butterfly has an odorous secretion, 
offensive to birds and other creatures that might otherwise feed upon 
it. Ihave often offered freshly caught specimens to dogs that were 
fond of eating other butterflies, but they have invariably refused to 
touch this species, showing very plainly by their facial expressions 
that the odor is to them very disgusting—probably much more so 
than to human beings. 
Another American butterfly, the Viceroy (Basislarchia archip- 
pus Scudder= Limenitis archippus), which closely imitates the Mon- 
arch in form and color, though somewhat smaller, has not yet been 
recorded from Bermuda. See plate Ixxxii; figures 6, 6a. This 
remarkable instance of imitative protective coloration has been fully 
discussed by several writers, and especially by Mr. S. H. Scudder.* 
The Monarch now occurs in nearly all temperate countries, in both 
hemispheres, and even in Australia. 
Queen Butterfly. (Anosia berenice(Cram.)= Danais berenice Cram., 
Papil., pl. cev ; Sm. and Abbot, 1, pl. 7.) 
Figure 125. Prats LXXXIIL; Ficure 1. 
This species is much less common. It was first recorded by Hurdis, 
May 15, 1849, who regarded it as a variety of the preceding. He 
states that it is finely spotted with white and lacks the black lines 
* Butterflies of the Eastern United States and Canada, p. 120. 
