809 A. E. Verrili— The Bermuda Islands. 397 
were still actively creeping about. She also sent an orange fruit, 
which is thickly covered with the same scale and has become hard 
and woody, with the rind black and deeply wrinkled and pitted, but 
it still adheres to the twig, showing very plainly the destructive 
effect of this scale, both on the tree and fruit. See pl. xevi; figs. 
4—6. 
oO 
Figure 182a.—Purple Scale ; a, winged male; b, active young, female; c, adult 
seale; all enlarged; after Glover. Figure 182b.—Purple Scale of Orange 
(Mytilaspis citricola) ; much enlarged; a, female scale, empty; 6, the same, 
under side, showing eggs; c, male scale; after Comstock. 
These scales are mostly long-ovate, acute at one end, variable in 
breadth, and frequently one-sided or curved, thus in shape not unlike 
an elongated American oyster-shell. The color of the adult female 
scales is dull reddish brown or purplish brown ; the smaller female 
scales and the male scales are similar in form, but are lighter brown. 
Orange Chionaspis. (Chionaspis citri Comst.) 
FicuRE 182, c. PuatmE XCVI; Ficurss 5, c; 6, ¢. 
Associated with the preceding were considerable numbers of much 
smaller, white, elongated-oblong scales (fig. 182, ¢) which have a 
median rounded ridge or carina along their whole length. They 
have been determined as the males of this species by Mr. Nathan 
Banks. The species is widely distributed. It is said to be the most 
abundant and injurious species on the orange trees in Louisiana. 
(See Insect Life, v, p. 282.) 
The females are very similar to those of A. cttricola, but are 
flatter and more abruptly widened posteriorly, this expanded part 
