220 LEPIDOFTEEA IXDICA. 



NymphaliJai, Apataridoe, Eurytelidts, Cliaraxidte, Doherty, Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, 1886, p. 109. 



Nymphalidce, Staudinger, Exotic Schmett. p. 86 (1885) ; Staudinger and Schatts, id. p. 108 (1887). 



Najcules, Dryades, Hamad ry odes, Borkhausen, Nat. Eur. Schmett. pp. 37-48 (1786). 



Contules (part), Nohiles, Herbst. 



Lemoniades, Dryades, I/amadnjades, Najades, Poiamides, HCibncr, Tentamen p. 1 (1806) ; id. Samml. 



Exot. Schmett. i. pp. 1, 2 (1806-19). Yerz. bek. Schmett. pp. 20-46 (1816). 

 SpinoscE, Carunculatce, Guenee, Lep. Eure et Loir, pp. 17, 23 (1867). 

 Spinigeri, Limaciformes, I^'ewman, Brit. Butt. p. 19 (1871). 

 Najades, Scuddor, Syst. Rev. Amer. Butt. p. 8 (1872). 



Characters op the Nvmphalin^!. 



Imago. — Wings of either small, medium, or large size. Forewing generally more 

 or less triangular, usually produced at the apex, seldom pointed at the tip ; exterior 

 margin more or less emarginate, sometimes angulated ; costal vein (except in the 

 gi'oup Eurytelina), not dilated at the base ; first and second subcostal branches 

 generally emitted before the end of the cell ; in some genera, however, the first sub- 

 costal branch only is emitted before the end of the cell, in which latter case the 

 second subcostal is four-branched. Eindwing generally broadly oval or triangularly 

 oval, the exterior margin sometimes more or less deeply scalloped or tailed ; in some 

 the anal angle is prolonged ; abdominal margin always affording a deep groove for 

 the reception of the abdomen, Biscoidal cell either closed in both wings, or in some 

 genera closed in the forewing only, in which latter cases the cell of the hindwing is 

 open, and in several genera, the cell in both wings is entirely open. 



Body usually robust. Head variable in size. Eyes large, generally naked ; in 

 some hairy. Talpi rather large, generally porrected, extending considerably in fi'ont 

 of the head, usually protruded widely apart, well clothed with scales and hairs. 

 Abdomen short. Antennas generally rather long, the club either broad or elongated. 

 Forelegs greatly atrophied in the male, less so in the female ; the fore tibia and 

 tarsus of the male clothed with fine hairs ; the fore tarsus of the male consisting of 

 II single elongate joint and unarmed ; the fore tarsus of the female composed of five 

 joints, which are generally rather dilated at their extremity, each joint being 

 furnished beneath with a pair of short, fine spines.* 



Abdominal appendages (Preheusores of male), "with the upper organ [tegumen, 

 B. White ; uncus, Gosse], of variable size, never provided with lateral appendages ; 



* In Calinatja — a genus hitherto placed in the Nymphalinse — the female (of both tlie Indian and 

 Chinese species) has the fore tarsus perfect, the terminal joint being furnished with a pair of rather long, 

 stout, curved, forward-projecting claws, paronychia and pulvilli. This genus we have therefore assigned to 

 a subsequent sub-family, the Calixagin^. Another genus — Pseudcrgolis — hitherto placed in the Nym- 

 phalina;, the fciuales of which also possess perfect tarsi, has consequently been assigned to anotlier sub- 

 family. 



