NFMPHALIN^. 221 



clasps large and broad and tumid, seldom tapering mucH apically, furnished with an 

 upper apical or basal process, emitted from the edge of the outer surface, and often 

 with an upward directed, free or attached finger on the inner side of the clasp " 

 (Scudder, Butt. E. U. S. I. 223). 



Egg. — "Either subglobular and then reticulate and filamentous; or barrel- 

 shaped, distinctly higher than broad, and then vertically ribbed, the ribs usually 

 higher near the summit than on the sides, and sometimes confined to the upper 

 half " (Scudder, I.e.). 



Cateepillae. — Either limaciform or nearly cylindrical, rarely not distinctly 

 moniliform, equal or tapering behind, sometimes in front, or if swollen unusually in 

 any part, such prominence is restricted to a single segment, and is not massed in 

 two or more adjoining segments ; either smooth and minutely shagreened, or armed 

 above with longitudinal rows of mostly branched-spines, or conspicuous spinous- 

 tubercles, the anal segment occasionally bifid or with a posterior median tuberosity. 

 Head more or less slightly cleft above, hairy, or set with either two or more very 

 short simple spines, or too elongated spiniform-tubercles, on the vertex ; or with four 

 — two vertical and two lateral — moderately long spinous-processes. 



Chetsalis. — Suspended by the tail. Either smooth, thick, almost oval or boat- 

 shaped with obtuse or bifid head, or generally more or less elongate, with either a 

 conical, angulated, or dilated medio-dorsal and thoracic prominence, and abdominal 

 segmental small conical points. 



Secondaet Sexual Chaeactees. — In the butterflies of this sub-family there are 

 but few genera in which Androconia, or scent-producing scales, have been found, and 

 these mostly occurring in certain genera of the groups Euthaliina, Limenitina, 

 Argynnina, and Burytelina. 



Seasonal Dimoephism. — The perfect insects in this sub-family mostly have 

 settled characters in their markings, and are but little subject to variation, but in 

 the group Chaeaxina, it will probably ultimately be found that certain species, as 

 here described, of the genus Haridra and of Eulepis, are but seasonal forms only. 

 In certain genera of the group Nymphalina, i.e. Grapta, Araschnia, Junonia, and 

 Hypolimnas [Apatura], seasonal dimorphism occurs to a more or less extent, and 

 probably also in some species of the group Limenitina, i.e. Athyma and Neptis, 

 and also in the group Aegtnnina. In the genus Symbrenthia, the species [S. Hipipo- 

 clus ?], as occurring in Java, is stated by Mr. W. Doherty to be dimorphic in the 

 female. 



Poltmoephism and Mimicet. — In some species of Hypolimnas [Apatura], notably 

 H. Misippus, of the genus Eurip^is, i.e. E. Halitherses, and oiSephisa, i.e. S. Chandra, 

 the females are polymorphic, as well as being mimics of certain species of Limnaine 

 and of Euploeine butterflies. The males of the same species of Euvipus and both sexes 



