

r 



'"'-*t4i!iLii> 



Figure 67. — Unassembled parts of the hand 

 telephones worked out at Brown University. 

 At the top is the first form; at the bottom, the 

 second. {USNAf jo6oi3, 3o6oig; Smithsonian 

 bhotos 433og, 453og-B.) 



Figure 68. — Dolbear's first magneto telephone. 

 From A. E. Dolbear, The Telephone, Boston, 

 1877. 



^-^9-./, 



:P'i^.g. 



Figure 6g. — Patent drawing of Berliner's 

 telephone transmitter and receiver based upon 

 a metal-to-metal contact. From U.S. patent 

 463569 (November 17, 1891). 



shouted, the signals transmitted were too weak to 

 travel any great distance. Also, if the telephone line 

 picked up a certain amount of extraneous noise — 

 which it usually did, especially after the introduction 

 of electrical power lines — the weak signals produced 

 by the magneto transmitter were drowned out. 

 Bell's transmitter was for these reasons too inefhcient 



for commercial use. If the Bell Company was to 

 survive economically, another transmitter had to be 

 found. 



At the end of 1877 the Western Union Telegraph 

 Company formed, in competition with Bell and his 

 associates, the Ajnerican Speaking Telephone Com- 

 pany. Western Union had not only bought up the 



PAPER 29: DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY IN THE 19TH CENTURY: II 



325 



