THE ANATOMY OF THE INDIAN ELEPHANT. 39 



cess of the stylo-hyal bone and stylo-maxillary ligament. Inserted 

 into the lateral margin of the tongue, partly in common with 

 hyo-glossus minor. 



C. and L.— 281, fig. 2 (s^). 



Dr Watson has described the peculiar relation of the last 

 three muscles to the pharyngeal pouch. This cavity, lying in 

 the arch of the hyoid bone, is embraced around its narrow 

 outlet by the muscles passing from the hyoid to the tongue. 

 The stylo-glossus and some of the fibres of the sii])erior constrictor 

 act as a sphincter ; the hyo-glossus minor and genio-hyoid reduce 

 its vertical dimension ; while the depressors of the hyoid bone 

 enlarge the cavity of the pouch. 



When the genio-hyoicl is divided, the genio-glossits is seen to 

 form a very narrow ellipse, extending from the mandibular 

 symphysis to the body of the hyoid. In front, the sub-lingual 

 glands lie between and beneath the two muscles. The posterior 

 extremity of this pointed ellipse is embraced by the diverging 

 hyo-glossi minores, which pass forwards on each side of the 

 tongue, and are joined on their outer sides by the stylo-glossi. 

 The small interval between the straight portions of the genio- 

 glossus and hyo-glossits minor is occupied by a large branch of 

 the hypoglossal nerve and the lingual artery. The nerve is 

 innermost, and runs superficial to {i.e., beneath) hyo-glossus minor, 

 while the artery is partly concealed by it. Branches of the 

 gustatory nerve enter the same space, and form loops with the 

 hypoglossal. External to the stylo-glossus lies a large vein. 

 The stylo-glossus is, during part of its course, in contact with the 

 mucous membrane of the mouth. 



Abdominal Muscles. 



Panniculus (abdominal portion). — The muscle forms an ex- 

 tensive sheet upon the sides of the body, increasing in thickness 

 below, where it is continued into the fasciae of the fore and hind 

 limbs. A tolerably distinct scapular portion may be traced. 



C. and L.— 272-3 {M, 5c). 



BectiLS dbdomi7iis arises by a broad thin tendon from the pos- 

 terior border of the inferior surface of the pubic symphysis. An 

 expansion of the tendon is continued forwards, and closely 



