THE ANATOMY OF THE INDIAN ELEPHANT. 49 



zygoma ; it lies in the space below the zygoma and behind the 

 ascending ramus of the lower jaw. Steno's duct passes out from 

 near the middle of the gland ; it is at first of about half an inch 

 diameter, but gradually contracts to the size of a crow-quill. 

 Close to its termination it pierces the buccinator, and finally 

 opens into the mouth near the alveolar margin of the upper jaw 

 by a simple rounded orifice without papilla. 



No sub-maxillary gland was seen either by Dr Watson or our- 

 selves, though it is described by Mayer. A small lobulated mass, 

 lying between the genio-hyo-glossi and close to the symphysis of 

 the mandible, may possibly be a sublingual gland, but we were 

 unable to discover an efferent duct, or to satisfy ourselves as to 

 the exact nature of the body. 



Soft Palate. 



The soft palate, which is hardly distinguishable from the base 

 of the velum palati, extends backwards about 2 inches from 

 the hind edge of the hard palate. Like the nasal passages 

 immediately above, it is narrow from side to side. No levator 

 palati was made out. The tensor palati i arises from the front 

 and outer side of the upper part of the membranous section of 

 the Eustachian tube. It is a small, spindle-shaped muscle en- 

 closed in a sheath of fascia. At the groove of the hamular 

 process it becomes tendinous and spreads out in the substance 

 of the soft palate. 



Phakynx. 



The upward extension of the pharynx towards the nasal 

 passages gradually narrows from side to side as it ascends. The 

 antero-posterior dimension is much contracted in the neighbour- 

 hood of the soft palate. Above this level, the pharynx is pro- 

 longed into the nares in front, and is also continued for some 

 distance backwards as a gradually diminishing cavity which 

 extends beneath the basi-sphenoid to near its junction with the 

 basi-occipital. The ultimate recess (the sinus of Morgagni) just 

 admits the last joint of the forefinger. 



1 Dr Watson considers that this muscle is absent in the elephant. 



D 



