THE ANATOMY OF THE INDIAN ELEPHANT. 25 



derived chiefly from biceps femoris. Gastrocnemius externus and 

 intcrnus, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, and the aponeurosis 

 from biceps femoris unite to form the common tendon of the os 

 calcis. 



0. and L.— 276-7; 285-6 ; 289, figs. 3, 4; 292 (a^). 



Popliteus arises by a round tendon from the external condyle 

 of the femur, beneath the external lateral ligament. The muscle 

 occupies a deep groove, lined with cartilage and synovial mem- 

 brane, which lies obliquely above the head of the fibula, and is 

 inserted into a triangular surface of considerable extent on the 

 posterior aspect of the upper half of the tibia. Below and to 

 its outer side, popliteus is bounded by a strong ligamentous 

 band, which stretches from the tibia to the head of the fibula. 

 Part of the muscle is inserted into the deep surface of this 

 band. 



C. and L., 289, fig. 4 (v). 



Plantaris arises from the posterior surface of the external 

 condyle of the femur by a roundish mass of muscular fibres. 

 About the junction of the upper and middle thirds of the leg it 

 passes into a tendon, very similar to that of gastrocnemius intcr- 

 nus, but more slender. It passes beneath that muscle towards 

 the middle of the leg, and receives an investment from the 

 fascia. On reaching the os calcis, plantaris spreads out into a 

 thin fascia, separated from the heel by a bursa. Externally, 

 it is connected with a strong annular ligament which surrounds 

 the tarsus. Plantaris is finally inserted into the plantar fascia, q.v. 



C. and L.("Gastrocnemienexterne").— 274-5; 276-7; 285-6; 

 287-8 ; 289, figs. 3, 4 {a). 



Soleus arises by a thin, flat tendon from the posterior and 

 external surface of the head of the fibula, and from the inter- 

 muscular septum between it and the peroncei. It is inserted by 

 fleshy fibres into the upper part of the tuberosity of the os calcis, 

 beneath the common tendon, but closely blended with it. 

 Soleus is channelled by several large veins, which course longi- 

 tudinally through it. 



0. and L.— 274-5 ; 276-7 ; 287-8 ; 289, figs. 3, 4 ; 292-3 



(/3). 



Peronceus longus arises from the head of the tibia, and from 

 strong fibres which pass over the capsule of the knee-joint. It 



