PREFA CE ix 



My thanks are due to many gentlemen who have 

 kindly favoin-ed me with histories, guide-books, })hoto- 

 graphs, and general information about the Zoological 

 Gardens of Europe. And especially do I owe a debt 

 of gratitude to Dr. P. L. Sclater, the learned Secretary 

 of our own Zoological Society in London ; to Herr Carl 

 Hagenbeck of Hamburg, Dr. C. Kerbert of Amsterdam, 

 Dr. H. Bolau of Hamburg, Dr. Seitz of Frankfort-on- 

 Main, Mr. E. W. B. ViUiers of Clifton, Professor 

 D. Cunningham of Dublin, Herr Schciflf of Dresden, 

 Herr Meissner of Berlin, Dr. Hagman of Basle, Dr. 

 Wunderlich of Cologne, and to Messrs. J. Jennison 

 and Co. of Manchester. The photographs of Berlin 

 are published by kind permission of the Berlin Zoo- 

 logical Society. 



In some few cases it has been found impossible to 

 give historical details, through my appeals to the 

 Directors eliciting no reply. The sketch of the London 

 Gardens is a concise summary, with additions, of the 

 history written by Dr. P. L. Sclater, that of Dublin 

 is taken from a pamphlet written by Professor D. Cun- 

 ningham, whilst the history of the Manchester Gardens 

 is based on materials furnished by Messrs. J. Jennison 

 and Co. 



In conclusion, my best thanks are due to my sister. 



