ZOOLOGICAL GARDEN, VIENNA 173 



antelope in captivity. There are no fewer than eight 

 different species of the genus hubalis, and they are 

 amongst the most common of the antelopes of the 

 plains. It is odd that they should be so seldom 

 captured. When on the open plains of North-east 

 Africa, I saw hundreds upon hundreds of ' Swayne's 

 hartebeest,' but so far no specimen of this antelope has 

 been seen alive in Europe. I never saw any very 

 young calves, and my theory is that the cows, when 

 about to give birth, retreat either into very thick bush 

 or so far away from all caravan- tracks that they are 

 seldom encountered. Another common African animal 

 never seen in captivity is the African rhinoceros, which 

 is much more plentiful than its cousin the Indian 

 rhino, which, on the other hand, is frequently met with 

 in captivity. It is, however, difficult to feed young 

 rhinos. A baby one requires every day the milk of at 

 least fourteen goats in full milk. A good few are 

 caught, but seldom reach the coast alive, owing to 

 underfeeding. You cannot overfeed an elephant or 

 rhinoceros, and great cruelty is inflicted in some 

 Gardens on the Continent by underfeeding these large 

 pachyderms, some of the elephants being wretchedly 

 thin and emaciated. In one case an enormous Indian 

 elephant was receiving four pounds of wheat-cake only 

 a day. No wonder he had turned into the savage 

 brute he was. 



But to return to the Vienna Garden. Opposite to 

 a duck-pond were some beautifully built aviaries ; in 

 fact, all the houses in this Garden are good. Crane 

 and ostrich pens follow, and then more aviaries for 

 smaller birds of great number and variety. 



