118 LEPIDOPTERA INDICA. 



in Thana District, Bombay, in November. " Island of Bombay, October ; larva 

 feeds on the mangoe tree " (Dr. Leifcti's Notes). " Taken at Kirkee, Bombay, Sep- 

 tember " (Major J. W. Yerbury, MS. Notes). Specimens were taken by the late 

 Dr. Bayne Reed in the "Wynaad. Mr. S. N. Ward obtained it at Mangalore, Calicut, 

 Kanara, and reared the larva on mangoe. Mr. G. F. Hampson found it "rare in the 

 Nilgiris from 1000 to 3000 feet" (J. A. S. Beng. 1888, 854). The late Sir Walter 

 Elliot bred the " larva on mangoe at Palamanar, Madras, in September, which changed 

 to pupa on the 30th, the perfect insect emerging October 10th " (MS. Notes). Major 

 E. y. Watson took "a few specimens at Gersoppa Falls, Mysore, in December" 

 (J. Bombay N. H. S. 1890, 9). Mr. H. S. Ferguson found it " very common in the 

 Plains and Hills of Travancore, a form of the male occurring in which the discal 

 spots are obsolete " (J. Bombay N. H. S. 1891, 9). 



In Ceylon, Mr. F. M. Mackwood (MS. Notes) says " Garuda very scarce ; caught 

 by me at about 3000 feet elevation." A female labelled ' Ceylon ' is in Mr. G-rose- 

 Smith's collection. We possess specimens taken by Colonel J. W. Yerbury at 

 " Peripancherakullam on the Kandy Road, Ceylon, in October." 



In Burma, Major Adamson says it is very common throughout the country (List, 

 p. 18). Signor Leonardo Fea took it at Bhamo in September and in Rangoon in 

 December. Major Watson obtained it at " Rangoon, and Beeling, Tenasserim, 

 commonly " (J. Bombay N. H. S. 1888, 6). Capt. C. T. Bingham took a specimen 

 of the ' dry-season ' brood in February in the Thoungyeen Valley, Upper Tenas- 

 serim. Dr. N. Mandei's observed it as " an abundant species in the Shan States, 

 Burma, especially at the edge of belts of forests. It is common also in Karenni " 

 (Tr. Ent. Soc. 1890, 624). Dr. J. Anderson took it in " Mergui in December " 

 (J. Linn. Soc. Zool. 1886, 37). Mr. H. Druce records it from " Nahconchaisee, 

 Siam" (P. Z. S. 1874, 106). 



It also occurs in the Malay Peninsula. Mr. Distant records it from "Pro- 

 vince Wellesley, and Malacca" (Rhop. Malay. 118). Dr. L. Martin obtained it in 

 N.E. Sumatra, and says "this species appears only near human habitations. It is 

 most plentiful in January and February" (de Niceville, J. A. S. Beng. 1895, 424). 

 A specimen labelled ' Java ' is in the British Museum Collection, this latter locality, 

 however, being doubtless incorrect. 



Habits of Imago. — " These butterflies frequent mangoe trees, and usually settle 

 with wings widely spread open, sometimes on the underside of a leaf " (de Niceville, 

 Butt. India, ii. 217). "I think this butterfly is less common in the jungle than it 

 is about human dwellings. It loves to bask on old grey walls, and may be found 

 making itself happy in the dirtiest part of the native town. I am quite sure it 

 prefers the liquids which it sips from the roadside gutter to the nectar of any 

 flower" (E. H. Aitken, J. Bombay N. H. S. 1886, 134). "It is a very pugnacious 

 creature, but readily comes to Mhowa refuse. I have caught many and watched 



