NYMPHALIN^. iOtoap ziitEifiTiyA.) 163 



SUMALIA ZULEMA (Plate 251, fig. 1, la, b, c, cj ? ). 



Linienitis Zulema, Doubleday and Hewitson, Gen. D. Lep. ii. p. 276, pi. 3i, fig. 1 (1850). 

 de Niceville, Butt, of India, etc., ii. p. 159 (1886). 



Imago. — Male and Female. Upperside ; ground-colour rich ferruginous-red, 

 tlie basal area more or less tinged -with dark olivescent ferruginous-brown ; cilia 

 alternated -with white. Both wings crossed by a bluish-white black-bordered discal 

 band, which is nearly straight in its course and divided by black veinlets, the band 

 very broad in the dry-season brood and narrower in the wet-season brood ; upper 

 portion of the band on the forewing somewhat macular and formed of well-separated 

 spots, that of the hind wing straight, even-edged and ending at the submedian vein 

 above anal angle ; beyond is an outer discal transverse row of broad black spots, 

 which are lunate on the forewing and quadrate on the hindwiug, followed by a sub- 

 marginal row of narrower black spots, which are more or less dentate in shape, and 

 then by a marginal slender black line and an extreme outer-marginal black line, the 

 two latter being obscurely inwardly-edged by a violet-grey line. Forewing also with 

 two subapical very small superposed white dentate spots ; the basal area crossed by 

 black cell-streaks, discocellalar streaks, and ringlet marks below the cell, the middle 

 cell -streaks, discocellular streaks and mark below the cell being more or less centred 

 with red. Hindwing also with less defined black cell-streaks. Underside ; ground- 

 colour much paler, the basal area of forewing more or less olive-grey, and of the 

 hindwing brighter olive-grey; the outer area purpurescent-red ; the bluish-white 

 discal band, black basal marks and outer black markings, as above, the edges of the 

 marginal lines violescent-grey. Body and palpi above olivescent ferruginous-brown, 

 beneath and legs greyish-white ; middle and hind tibige and tarsi above pale 

 brownish-ochreous ; antenna black, tipt with red beneath. 



Expanse, J 2^^ to 3, ? 3 inches. 



H-^BITAT. — Sikkim ; Bhotan ; Assam; Khasias; Burma; Upper Tenasserim. 



DisTRiBUTiOxV. — " This is a rai'e species, which is occasionally received from 

 Sikkim. Mr. A, V. Knyvett has obtained it near Buxa in Bhotan, and there is a 

 single specimen from Cherrapunji, Assam, in the Indian Museum, Calcutta " (de 

 Niceville, I.e. 159). Mr. H. J. Elwes records it as "a very rare insect in Sikkim, 

 neither Mr. Moller nor I have ever procured it" (Tr. Ent. Soc. 1888, 352). " Very 

 rare in Sikkim, less rarely found at Daling in May and June from 1500 to 5000 feet 

 elevation; also at Sivoke in April. It also occurs in Assam and Upper Burma" 

 (de Niceville, Sikkim Gazetteer, 1894, 141). Colonel 0. H. B. Adamson records a 

 single specimen taken in Upper Tenasserim in March, 1881" (List, p. 22). "Common 

 at Cherrapunji" (Colonel Swinhoe, Notes). 



Of our illustrations of this species on plate 251, figs. 1, la, b, represent the male 

 and female dry-season form, and Ic the male of wet-season form. 



VOL. III. X 



