NTMPHALIN^. (Group LIMENITINA.) 171 



Expanse, i 2^q, ? 2^q inches. 



Habitat. — Kashmir. 



DiSTBiBUTiON. — The late Captain R. Bayne Reed states that it is "common about 

 Kashmir " (MS. Notes). " In Major Marshall's collection is a single female taken ia 

 Astor, Northern Kashmir, in September, and I possess two examples taken by- 

 Col. Lockhart's Mission, one probably near Gilgit, the other in the Astor Valley, 

 which are the only typical specimens I have seen" (de Niceville, Butt. Ind. ii. 162). 

 Specimens taken in the Goorais Valley in June and September, and in the Scind 

 Valley in June, are in Mr. J. H. Leech's collection. 



Note. — The above-described species of Najas, namely Trivena, Ligyes, and 

 Hydaspes are placed under one name by Mr. de Niceville, including also the 

 Turkestan species, Lepechini. (Butt. Ind. ii. 160) remarking that "it is extremely 

 variable, and the local races have been described under four different names, each 

 race being typically very distinct, but numerous intermediate forms connect each 

 local race with the next, and I have found it impossible to draw a line of separation 

 anywhere. This species, as a whole, is confined to the Western Himalayas and the 

 mountain ranges to the North and West as far as Turkestan. Tlie extreme Southern 

 form is typical Trivena, with the white discal band very broad, and with a single 

 row of diffused small whitish spots on the outer border. Northwards, as the 

 elevation increases, the white band gradualUy narrows, till in the forests near the 

 snow-line typical Ligyes is found, with the discal band less than one-third the width 

 of that in Trivena, and distinctly macular throughout, the black veins separating 

 the spots being also distinctly bordered throughout with black. Further North, 

 where the vegetation is sparse, the white band remains narrow, but the white border 

 spots are replaced by much larger yellow spots, and an inner series of equally 

 large yellow spots is developed, separated from the outer series by the series of 

 black lunulas, and the ground-colour is paler throughout ; this is the form named 

 Eydaspes. Further North still, the form which occurs in Turkestan, named 

 Lepechiiii, closely resembles Hydaspes ; and is very close to our Astor and Gilgit 

 specimens of the latter, but differs in the spots of the discal band being as large as 

 in typical Ligyes, the outer border of both wings on the underside is rich ochreous 

 marked only with a diffused darker band in the middle, more prominent in the fore- 

 wing ; on the upperside, also, the black spots between the two ferruginous marginal 

 series of spots are not shown in the figure," 



Colonel A. M. Lang (Ent. Mo. Mag. 1868, 35) states that " the food-plant of the 

 larva is Lonicera tartarica, which has a wide range in the N.W. Himalayas." 



N. Asian Species. — Najas Populi (Pap, Populi, Linn. Syst. Nat. I. p. 476 

 (1758). Najas Populi, Hiibn. Tent. p. 1 (1806). Scudder, Proc. Amer. Acad. 

 1875, p. 224. Var. P. Tremul^, Esper, Schmett. I. 2, pi. 114, fig. 3, 4. Pryer, 



z 2 



