KHASI HILLS. • 123 



produced. These planes are perpendicular to the deposition planes of the 

 rock, and have a prevailing direction North-East and South- West, and 

 nearly at right angles to this. The dip is about 25° to the South- West. 



On the Northern side of this valley, the sandstones again appear, here 

 again nearly horizontal, and forming the steep cliffs along the top of the 

 glen. (Plate VI). The road winds up the steep slope of the valley 

 side, and passes through a cleft in these sandstone beds. The greenstone 

 forms the whole of the river bed, and extends up the side of the valley 

 for more than one-half the distance. The lowest beds on the Northern 

 side are coarse pebbly conglomerates, greatly indurated. Passing over 

 the ridge into the adjoining and parallel little valley (between the Kala- 

 pani and the Boga-pani), we lose the sandstones again, and find a 

 continuous sheet of the greenstone forming the whole of the bottom 

 of the glen. Upon it rest on both sides the coarse conglomerates 

 and sandstones much indurated and disturbed. Thus under the 

 village of Maw-be-lurkar, conglomerate is seen very highly inclined, 

 and greatly indurated. Huge masses of this rock have in other 

 places fallen from their natural position and threaten to bfock up the 

 glen (a). Toward the Northern end of this glen, the originally conti- 



, , , , ^. . nuous covering of the sandstone has been denud- 



J-iOcal denudation oi ° 



Baudstones; gj^ gQ g^g ^q Jeave only a few small outliers resting 



« 

 upon the greenstone, and forming the highest tops about here. Some of 



these outliers are very small, not more than a few hundred feet square. 



Along the line of road, the greenstone continues to show until the 



valley of the Boga-pani is reached. In the bed, and on the banks of the 



Wattam, the stream which here joins the Boga-pani (&), the greenstone is 



(a) This little valley, although in the magnitude and grandeur of its features gteatly 

 inferior to the larger glens close by, is yet one of the most beautiful in the hills, and owes 

 not a little of this beauty to the contrast between the steep cliifs of the sandstone above 

 ^\■ith their dark and richly-coloured surfaces, and the steep grassy slopes of the greenstone 

 below. In this valley the edges of the beds of sandstones are remarkably rounded and 

 smoothed, as from the long continued action of water. 



(i) Boga-pani. — Ka-um-yam, " stream of tears," because it often prevents men from 

 crossing, or separates friends, or because it fi-equently carries oif men in its torrent. 



Kala-pani. — Ka-um-ioug or black water. 



D 



