102 THE 
GARDENERS 
CHRONICLE. 
[JULY 24, 1875. 
enjoyed an — A when the grass disappeared 
the bush a gr ер сате e the main resource of 
the fl d the end ia left to them and 
P 
ori 
subtle and insidious agency of a changing climat 
came into play. The hardy weeds of the great desert 
Karan onth e sont 
their « energies towards the extirpation of the 
indigenous flora. Species of Chrysocoma, Pentzia, and 
other Karoo Composite с in, Chrysocoma trunci- 
folia has been the aie plant of late years. It 
` belonged origin t uth-west he colony, 
ed сё _ was АА by the sheep, but i Дал 
hav li very 
eds A: t, and presents a green appearance wien 
rro ra else is blackened and scorched. In th 
перио part of the Midlands it is каен; so solely the 
of the sheep that 
en pasture pad an extension of 
= gh бай 9 = we Kar 
second class, the wild нне that hold their 
iud wd well in a руе settled country, are those that 
upon the — whilst the scope for the others 
is not ma! en 1 
р — on a n 
for the use = man, iti is not needful for m 
much, as the part they play is sufficiently fan vious. If, 
following the generally-acce pted plan, we divide the 
long period s history which passed over before 
owledge derived from written records 
e three periods, lo 
earned the use x: " kind of metal. 
record in the Danish Kjokken-moddings of a period 
when man lived on fish and wild fruit ts, and when all 
nthe 
— Swiss rm me k mgs as — at Wangen 
on La tan e have mixed with 
Fries but stone implements is the aden at a kind 
of cloth m ade of plaited Flax, lum 
ic 
is found — with Egyptian mum- 
ised Apples and "Pears of small 
ize, Plum, mixed with seeds 
of the Bramble and Raspberry, and nuts of the Hazel 
M Beech. this era the dog, sheep, and gost 
ere already че, but the use of metals 
quis unknow. 
One o the most noteworthy pond. bee the 
— plants of cultivation is, that of the 
com and best-kn 50-с rers type 
Paene em, such as ugar-cane, Wheat, Oat, 
Tomato, Artichoke , Cotton (Gossypium 
own any- 
in is known, such as the Cab 
the origi 
pee Pear, and Cherry, that A he original 4 ypes 
шен MAU A commonl 
p- 
ely, but that de mount - variation 
CRI = that of an ordin wing speci as 
wrought by domestication. 
we 
admitted asa 
distinct species, and I give, эчебез е characters 
in чака the 5 types differ а one another, 
tifols 
An erect annual, with a single А poate with many stems 
stem rising from the root. spreading from the crown 
of the same root. 
Leaves са the € Leaves linear, e —— 
x34 inc , 1M to 2li one Eres Si a lin 
road. 
Sepals oblong - lanceolate, seule coitu 2 lines 
X inch long. 
Expanded corolla an inch! | Expanded corolla 34 inch 
Across. 
Ripe oo globose, % inch | P ges ER globose, < inch 
| thick. 
: Seplscblenctolate-bis S276 | име ы oblong, under 4 inch 
to Mr. idus estimate с Colonists «| 
esie beri 
cent. of is total wild Йога: «s йер wr bare 
such plants as the do Fumitories, — 
poison — Githago, and 
oa а та and we have Жо no 
are at 
These 
penes sad T рро that, common as they аге 
_ and conseque 
and it has hd i p^ solely s mere күрене | 
reproduction. ¥. С. 5, | 
the present day, they may not have no introduced 
fr 
into Britain from the south of Europe along with 
heat, Oats and Barley. If we E the group so 
as to includ it all e commonly called 
‘* weeds,” that is, plants that Sarees grow in pre- 
pared саа soil, we shall have to count for Britain 
dred 5 
рн nired species point about these annual 
weeds is м wonderful quantity : seed some of them 
of producing. average plant of 
Papaver dace т Rhzas will yield twenty flowers 
with m — toeach flower—o 
ingle generation. 
Shepherd's Purse w Migs Ye eld 800 owas with twenty 
ach 
seeds e s to a root average 
plant of Chickwe ed, ps Spergula, Kec yield 300 
reed with t s each— 3000 s to a root. 
Twenty t сона ондайды fovet is мб ап ехіга- 
vagant estim fo e nt o opodium 
album. This explains the great rapidity with which 
hey will sometimes spread fa g circum- 
stances, B eof g be left to itself 
these a: gt o not hold it 1 The first year 
s ey fill a piece of neglec arabl 
cted 
totally ; the t year the quantity is smaller, an 
the third year we they have almost entirely dis- 
appeared, and the i ienni 
uch as Triticum, Dactylis, and Lolium. 
g: is very curious to note, comparing Britain with 
the United States, denen me of our common weed 
У 
h de themselves quite at home acros 
Atlantic, and че pas priori quite as likely, 
h ed to | our common 
- 
samen and, on н 
Dance CS 
— prend but Poppies do =~ Groundsel is 
but Chickweed spreads everywhere; 
Anthemis Cotula is very common, whilst Pyrethrum 
о ost unkno mium amplexicaule 
has spread much further and faster n ur- 
u Viper’s Bugloss is in som ea 
a gr 
edw ells are very 
ouch-grass and Carduus arvensis spread, but 
Coltsfoot i is very rare, and Knautia arvensis unknown 
Respecting the sixth group, pim palats I need 
say nothing. Of the denizens o ised p 
r. Watson’s estimate for Britain i si = Sy 
cited—Pyreth Parthenium, Artemisia 
Absinthium, Myrrhis odorata, Populus alba, Prun 
rasus, Ribes Grossul d Ulmus subero 
These are usually old long-establish n plants, 
herbs that have been largely used for their real or 
upposed medicinal ues, or trees bushes of 
hich, ın a country in which the woods have been so 
— interfered with as in ours, the nativi 
n St. ena, as been already indicated, 
уч бзанен far outnumber the natives. In Маші- 
ti 
us they fo less than a third of the total flora, 
and some of them commonest plants in 
the island. Here they are frequently shrubs that ha 
en introduced for the of their fruit or for 
fencing, such as Zizyphus is, Rubus г 
the Cape Rubus Bergii, an ious Indian Cassias 
and Ces ias; or trees that have been азтан 
ike Casuarina, Hzematoxylon, Bixa, an 
1 B nacardiu 
to fill x place of the wild forests that pee pu 
country like ours, with so many trade relations 
E. Же parts of de world, th of plants 
ardens or get introduced with Gace 
that stray from gar 
see allast, or wool, but fail to pr opagate them- 
pem —— the first genera sok is very considerable, 
c such spring up yen by year, es y 
ann either never perfect good seed, or it пи 
to reach а qs to grow in. experience of 
botany of гаа now goes back fo Fee s years, 
and out o азу | qus eds “ plants that have 
n introdu y coun à or four of 
these aliens that fave f fully tablished themse 
Mm Buxbaumii, a weed of culti 
Bri é 
яйы as a colonist in many counties oe 
luteus, a м of Western America, very co 
ardens ; nsoga parviflora, a Соры. yim 
rather очта тиа = со common Groundsel, which got 
astray from Kew gard t the year 1850 into 
Da e Asparagus кн X the neighbourhood, and is now 
of th the marke! x : биеде 
онай the жей ж t London ; Ana- 
charis or Elodea canadensis, an 
first ictal as British in i тт which e no 
particular tendency to in its native 
country, m which brought into o become 
ur ponds and canals in a short time in a 
"iiir: mannes, кн we have one sex Ap 
ever P & 
THE SERE BOTANIC 
A 750, vol. iii., pes ар елым Chronicle we 
drew attention to, and 
vation in the Pilas howe at Kew, wher 
Magazine for May, 1860 (where it is figured at t. 5180), 
lant is very straight in its gr 
attained a height of between 50 and 60 feet at Kew, 
The specific name was given by Sir William in allu. 
sion to the gracefully drooping habit of its flowering 
branches, and we have seen the spadix itself, or cen- 
tral axis, after cutting the нана branches close 
= — i i i 
rangement of these dro этим 
не зәр so closely set, that the scars ie tha 
graphs presented to the Museum at Ke Mr, 
Mis Hill, the director—the Brisbane climate seems 
to doe 
‘sides the — character of the garden, 
which attracts lar arge n rs of 
mbe visitors, a very im- 
po ie xperiments with 
the acclimatisation of useful plants. Glancing through 
so Mr. Hil ome notion 
and commerce, e ex 
under my charge, it is gratifying to be able to торж 
its increasing success, an at more than 
attracts the iem of the public, and especial of 
ess is the cultivation of Ба soil, or 
Ever 
i 
he y 
patient trials of thé suitability “of the pu vem, re: the 
owth of every species of the table products of 
Among 
icinal produc 
imber trees. “a hoe of plants are distributed 
to colonists for cultivation in their own tions, 
and in cides we are told that the sae for poe 
of Cincho orthern 
Cinnamon, Betel-nuts, Mangosteen, Durian, 
fruit, C uin , gutta ha, oil Palms, 
and Vacoa Pand were an d 
pplied. ng the previous year th 
distributed t ua 
cuttings of fourt 
000 cuttings of. dae white Mulberry, be Coffee 
plants, 1020 Tea plants, 1060 Ginger roots, and 300 
papers о illa, Havannah, and Shira z Tobaccos. 
The каркы of dye esee seems to attact a good 
deal of attention g wners in the colony, and 
chiefly perhaps ‘the i 
beca 
in dto. 
emen two crops within a period of five months. hen 
gi N ovanbari e ei | 
c f 
young plants he 
*f comes t urity, and or three 
i mer than in p dtes n 
Tea plant e also occupied muc on, as 
growth been proved to be most за tisfactory. 
are told that manufactured tea from the lea as been 
prepared by a native of China of some experience inthe — 
work, who favourably of the leaf, con: 
siders the flavour of Q tea will improve with 
ost e Tea plants distributed from the 
garden have planted on the D. 5 
where th ate seems to le than 
elsewhere, 
