134 
THE: GARDENERS 
CHRONICLE. 
(Jury 31, 1875, 
but of these the blossoms were over— Walnut, Mul- 
Vm Apples, Pears, Plums, Apricots, Figs, and 
Vine 
t of these нии glades you descend the hill 
into Ms ep, cool ges, where the Maidenhair and 
r Ferns reign ноне ; the splash and | ripple e 
eams sounding welco 
re an 
white markings, which it spread in s it 
flew away; exquisite jays, brilliant kingfishers, the 
pretty king-crow, and crested hoopo 
then a group of the s 
monkeys would scatter 
. in alarm at our approach, but not a deer was to b 
be р i 
and of bears and leopards we had no wish to 
have a near view: the for come d east on 
the Mulberries when they are fully ripe, and seem then 
su 
ones are also found, also 
eer. 
mula, where we go up the river by 
boat to Ө Зара, the beauty of the scenery seemed t 
increase, and andeur of the cliffs 
sheer Aan > the J жез, to heights o 
500 as refreshing to the eye, ential with the 
2 ied of the Indian не crowned as th 
id 
h 
Е edly primitive, 
nation of teetotallers to cross such fragile 
e 
wed out, al 
ing of a single rope, uh a triangle of 
pended on it ; the traveller sits on ке horizontal | bar 
of this, an wor his way gt with his 
nds. Those in n.Srinagar, Tot € 
seven, are built entirely of Deo 
ther are some 
r logs, crossed and 
bolted together. The шаш. of this то od is mar- 
vellous, remaining below  water-ma for many 
years uninjured, e planks are id. across, pes 
spaces of about a foot wide, somewh 
um is in 
population is estimated at about 150,000, 
the p "The being Mahommedans, some 20,000 
Hind Ae are chiefly wooden, often 
three or a kids reys high, so fires Pt disastrous 
— t the Зана of wood а 
» is one 
of the а rear Both fot hte ett Di обаве: 
it is not i but has taken most kindly to 
e soil. 
People who have visited Venice, say that Srinagar 
somewhat reminds them of it, but the с light кы 
ondolas would be a o the 
; awkward looking boats, which he however, 
form re the home of the men and their the 
whole 
esun, Th 
ry ty of the Sun,” and 
even in **the happ py que ” it must be admitted one is 
glad to m its heat at noon. The boat-women are 
1, у are so t looking race the 
are a fine stalwart VEO. 
a kat, f loose shirt. 
ү 
о way concealing the features, which are tolerably 
M large black eyes, and even white teeth, fair 
mplexions, with quite a rosy tint beneath. tes 
ias wear e hair in numerous d to 
length of w ool till it чане 
below is bie d in one tassel ; 
these 1 look as if but сес ees ted. Bot 
omen hav x: са = 
saluting you 
5 
a triking contrast, an an 
inclination of he : on 
ual, The rand MEE is, of ё come, quite 
different, but ee oatmen, shopkeep &c., al 
understand and speak Hind du, and ma "s "of the latter 
now some English, which they are eager enough to 
stg 
:B 
The shawls are of course too well known and noted 
need comment, but many of the fair owners whose 
shoulders the 
ot being noted for their cleanliness, it is consolatory 
to think they have h go ver 
ere they are sold, b beaten somewhat roughly 
against blocks of limestone kept for the purpose at the 
river's edge. ople generally offer tea 
© intending p purchasers, and it is not unfrequently 
water! Imagine the horror of a tea 
^ The ef аараан of all ‘kinds i is есе апі 
marvellous must = the patience that ca complis 
so much by hand alone; the gold "E Miet work is 
als: ‘exquisite and accomplished with such roug 
tools as would be the sans of nglish artisan. 
They e tea services in this way, не and 
bottles, also Басса, E bro and 
lockets; they also ave gol iudi and 
ilver, also copper, using rgely the shawl 
or Pine pattern, Dr, Ince, in his valuable Anis on 
Kashmir, says that the windings of the river hav 
giv e idea for these patterns. They al 
goat, such as puttoo, pushmeena and muleeda, and an 
almost be ees used for shawls, called toza, 
m th 
made fr e breast of a bird, which 
is, icone er, comparatively rare. The fa pier måché 
work is fine and good, and the blending of colours 
tasteful эш denis k 
The akht-i-Súlimán,” or Throne of Solomon, is 
a stone Sienn situated on a hill more than feet 
above sea. It was built by Jaloka, about 220 
B.C., from its com position, can be see 
from he s in fair 
the Hindoos. 
ing we found nai Pundits chanting thei ing 
orisons, The view from so great a h eight is s beautiful 
ane = comprising t the valley with its lovely lake, 
ee: wixdin pia green fields, and s ved 
nthe pui tede 
rugg e o 
ntai = int erest- 
ing rain to visit ; it is an old Buddhist temple, dating 
263 to 226; it is situated in Ser mi at of a tank, 
а А by Willows, an ergrown by Rushes 
and Iris. The building is ay of fona; containing 
the oe Trefoil arches ; locks т so large and 
the natives say n o human agency could 
ае der. ем position. 
They assign the préseirution of this temple (when the 
E: city, once the capital, was consumed by 
ч! superhuman agency, the protection of the 
ы and not the water. Speakin go m assive 
ids day's journey by boat up the rive: 
arrive at Awantipore, which was also on iie capital, 
The are extensive, and if much excavated would 
cim ee fragments of temples remain standing, and por- 
tions of cloisters have been dug out at Bishop Cotton's 
p on. *' Martand,” putres с temp 
pci architecture, in the 
ing in t da € 
ar surpass any monuments that 
1575 seems likely to leave in Kashmir. The 
icated to the worshi 
In the чет SS ge of Martand are many 
springs, hot, cold, and mineral, and large tanks 
full of sacred fish wh di- the Pu ndits feed with 
rice and chupatties, burning sandal-wood and fragr 
ices and chanting a low song the while. Th 
some caves also visited by pilgrims, but the bats 
ton of a fakir remains after you ha ve penetrated 
some 80 feet into - pe e inii icta a sufh- 
tion for the closeness of air. 
| cient compensation 
“dal” or city lake hs ihe ири Dentist of ties ia 
the immediate vi 
* э 
ы амы is some five 
= thet of 
it; 2, an a 
table of the 
forms us that his first 
graph of each genus, "That done, he sey 
miles long, the water vui clear, and one 
side are beautiful gardens eb 
fruit trees and Roses, w 
think the “Ni chat 
mbium speciosum 
but ув а а foot or so above 
uly, when the rai bs are ао іп 
Sri is and the valley, in conseque nce, un. 
pe emus the Resident, and with him all the visitors, 
migrate to either Sonamu rg or arg; the 
former lies ю the north-west of Srinagar, one at a 
considerable elevation—about 8000 fi 
sea, They are both m 
for pasturage 
e and fl 
Kashmir is ludicrously small a quart; 
bread, ten loaves for ; eggs a dozen; fow 
34. and 444. a-piece ; ducks about 64. each; geese, 
25.; and tton, tho m. small, fat and of g 
flavour, e are ee prices in the 
per hes 
capital ; in the villages, of course, t 
are less, 
whole sheep may be 
nothe 
ый old coins, daily brings round 
wit tht Maharajah’s compliment, Louisa C. John- 
sione, pee Kashmir, June 
RARE CONIFERS. 
WiTHIN the last six months important ee 
have been partly published which claim to furnish 
new data for the determination of Conifers, a it has 
become necessary to study them in order to see how 
far they threw light on the matter in question, 
are my apologies for my delay in replying fully to Mr. 
Syme, which I hope he will accept as a compliment 
instead of a neglect. He will have seen, however, 
that I had not overlooked the subject, as the remarks 
on Picea magnifica, printed at p. 753, vol. iii., show. 
By some misadventure the notes on that species were 
pub! ished before the present pepa which was in- 
tended to be introductory. y be weli, also, to 
point out ae the cone of P. ME figured at 
Рр. 753, was, by error, called in the legend P. nobilis, 
though the rt would prevent misapprehension 
on this score, 
w characters to е Т wish now to refer are 
drawn Bow the internalstructure of tbedifferce i 
the plant. The histological anatomy of Conifers rs and 
api 
оса for а considerable time past, but the а saults . 
n the m ct have been а та ag etm 
m: ritten upon the ne of the Yew, 
another = "that ы CPhyllocidus, * third on that of 
Sciadop ed the vessels of the 
studi 
stem, others that of thè "fruit, or the cellular tissu d the 
esi ora 
Geyler, Wiesner, Schröder, ) 
Mohl, "Hildebrand, Schacht, E Gápper Dippel, 
and Strasburger, besides c authors who - 
os са None 
each genus or group he gives—I, ап historical 
account of the present x: of e science epu 
account of the stru of а E ined 
Ae a synoptical 
he species in - 
each group ; 7, their synonymy and. geographical 
distribution. E 
In fitting himself for this task Mr. Bertrand и” in- 
that he s 
the leaves ; 4, of the scales ; 5, 
of the y bundles of the € 
