266 IHE 
GARDENERS 
CHRONICLE. 
[AUGUST 28, 1878, 
if a run on turf out-of- за. aer not be procurable 
ht 
turf or two brought i 
often renewed, is very debui" a little milk, too, 
might often do a deal , but, as with other 
fast A wa 
Te it can be ME 
daily swim, as prese 
the aa — should have a 
health also aids the 
the 
rogress of the br бөй, ап 
Lind of large Е" of 59 ath 
onopen commons, od May soon be allowed 
to enjoy themselves at t discretion, asthese mere на of 
water, where exposed to the sun, are of a safe warmth, 
and are generally easy of access. . The chill water of 
authorities, a light tin 
in it to let the water thro 
ing stray members 
There is no end to the attempts at driving them o 
when they get frightened as well a denis = ыы а 
few уке well aimed sweeps are “ the 
, carefully applied, may save Pec es 
на Tough treatment to the tender ек 
ree co of the pen fea: all beauty 
rapidly, and 
e goslings, they ben 
require little but an eye to " their safety and omi n 
ies of food. For the staple, barley-meal moist- 
ened with water so = to — a kind of pots 
ling into small when thro 
answers well, with an addition of — boiled "p 
tables, such as Potatos, A cese a r, in fact, almost 
any similar s scraps en they а are older, e on 
a good grazing groun b with the of a farmyard 
and all the rough vegetable refuse sihi бнр. ае 
from neighbouring garden operations, the daily supply 
of barley-meal may be ae ct except for fatten- 
5 
EH 
So 
o 
= 
+ 
Hs onia Stabl be injured by the pigs. With 
. of the: the in 
goose- keeping to the amateur те limited space—the | 
dirt and the noise. shed where the flock sleep 
i j cou daily ned ; but the 
birds perpetually return to the yard, or wherever they 
hav > their meals, rch or 
ct that the end 
e yance from the noise is a ma te. 
but even where there is no special dislike to it, the 
full of discordant sound with whi whole 
floc’ pet ou 
out any special event (and their causes 
p far 
y frequent recurrence) is 
from plea to most ex. 
In pe ar og s Chronicle, vol i., р. 375, mention 
is made of the presence o е being thought de 
gable i in cattle pastures, from its effects on the grass 
acting as a preservative to the cane” ош various 
di ugh then ke a rune Re in s BUS a 
| paper or imen 
: амы, Pride tak заре ade 
eee not as an article o 
night shelter, a simple lean-to shed with water- 
tight pe, (built wall) wooden bars, 
placed sufficiently near to exclude vermi 
well; any shed, ениб which i is sufficiently roomy 
and airy will serve the purpo ut these two matters 
require bei attention [o the bulky nature of the 
birds. A good padlock also to th 
in the immediate Rus monet ps, is in some cases a 
very necessary pre 
If the shed is of its ere there should be openings 
near the top to take off the foul and over EIS air, 
“The 
3 feet from the сок to keep out dra 
floo 
5. 
othly paved or even зар of earth, 
if this is not allowed to be sodden into mud by water 
ing r it, and a few bundles of straw 
thrown down for the 
birds to анн 2 
гу circumstances, - 
ker were 
e geese, to ! 
the veh gon to vis ental Tr ue 
ue сев 
Patural Pistory, 
SEXTON BEETLES.—The various kinds of beetles, 
commonly known as scavenger beetles, which find at 
once their employment and subsistence in the removal 
of dead and refuse animal matter, even in our tem- 
perate climate, play an important part in natural 
carry on their operations by the interment of the small 
animal which is to form the future food of their larvee, 
may be studied with pleasure by the most fastidious. 
This ge includes cR seven тое E 
from about inch and a 
ime i some black, or imo entirely - ж With 
s, an is 
tinguishable by pom ае bodies, lioet and strong 
with dis eck and four-leaved "dub to 
ane, and oe ra abruptly 5 so as to 
rer the edis of the зовн е ехро 
Іа and sunny d these odio PA а 
e both by T ing о ve small bird o mal 
ing dead, wher be groan is too hard to тч of 
the beetle’s strength removi m it beneath the к 0 - 
when needed for шын the 
кадана fs [cem a sparrow, mouse, or similar А 
creature in an exposed situation on some soft patch of 
Soil, such as a common en flower border. 
The work of burying has been stated to commence 
below. In the case ofa sparrow — - €— € 
earth, a pair of sexton beetles soon 
and worked the earth so far hamer bensai it it that by 
the gradual removal of what was below, and Ж se 
of the bank Nd it, a bird y was from half to 
quarters covered with so t, save 
guessed by the movement of the body no 
was noticeable of the 
case of a tile er pe only a single Necrophorus 
to perform the task, the progress p more рака 
In about two hours from the commencemen 
operations the em had become a little sunk in the 
ground, and by watching the ауа, of the earth 
the beetle could be traced running h 
forcing its way in different directions тч the soil 
so as to form a 
occasionally varying its labours by drawing the mouse 
towards nbouthood. Н ground or driving galleries in 
Ро as if 
he beet! an pare occasional and the 
mouse’s coat showed. a EE Ae ы of force 
— as on raising it the hair w about in 
кч. апа а agas laid bare. “On the following 
ing the mouse had been completely buried 
mem h the ой, т disturbed surface bein 
pee emer en like the round 
of a small h 
ng h no si 
на was beneath. The depth a эбе — 
riable, being given as som с ненне h as a foo! 
but this ‘probably depends on уа ircumstan 
as ‚з softness of the soil, the i vad the object, and 
other matters, 
somewha 
са еы the birds are Ferien 
The burying instinct and attraction to putrid scents 
appear - = in the Necrophori quite Rey pase 
of their own amount of wants or capabilities of work. 
Some putrid pheasants’ laced in an де with 
w followed the 
the entrails of a Бы iuh, and 
, besides two 
[n two pieces of 
the course of fifty days—a mass far beyond 
anything requisite for larval — connected with 
the be ges burying i 
The unpleasant smell of the sexton beetles is 
emm сере it is stated not to exist on their first 
velo € e animal ores burying 
ie as far as I have noticed, to chan uch more 
pidly tha: e on Сален Mir "роны 
the action being re fluid ejected from 
the mouth beetle, tainted by its putrid food, 
may probably hasten єт decomposition of the prey, 
o the disgusting smell of the 
e buried body forms the place of deposit of the 
and food of the larvze of the beetles which 
have кр, M the larvæ being ia shaped with 
а scal d plate on each segment, and furnished 
with som Sato) eem the legs үче and weak, and 
the length of the s as much as an inch “es "half. 
The pupal change oie place in a cell underground, 
The study of the life history of these beetles i is, from 
their scent an 
rvation ; but the developed beet 
in putting — annoyanc 
their burying operations are well worth observa. 
AD сее ее THEIR YOUNG, — Some 
few o I stated in the Gardeners’ Chronicle 
that there m plenty of бна рег in this 
dist en eye-witnesses to tl t. As 
morning 
the head gamekeeper, who has been on the estate for 
nearly sixty yan а well known for his veracity, 
brough adder and her n "e six in 
number, which le " killed gae ngst some 
He heard the old one sue. a hiss, 
the tail of a 
Fern in the par 
and felt certain he ам 
em earing down 
and her young—not as a positive proof, because my 
instructions were to kill the old one and tie up her 
they reach you, - 
g this mer or autumn. j'osepA Rust, 
phe oni Ti orita Wells. 
Florists Flowers. 
pie Арене have been so much improved of — 
late years that it is somewhat surprising they are not 
more cultivated. The double varieties are quite equal 
in of petal and form of flower to any Aster 
or Ma wait while for vivid colouring and general 
effect they put in the shade either of the above, or 
i any other annuals with which I am acquainted. 
we have here, то feet wide by 25 feet long, is — 
4 » dodi 
m 
quite near enough осеќа, but in 
inches I had in view the removal of wi, single varie- 
ties that might show themselves, made 
their , and the 
tained through "m Veitch, and althou, 
have grown Zinnias 2 some years t 
bloom and 
add, that 
best I ever had was hop E 
having А an extraordinarily fine strain, by selec ecting. for | 
est and best of a the double varieties, — 
t to ay great surprise and disappointment nearly 
the m = outsingles and were the worst lot 
Those as have only seen Zinnias in clumps of 4 
two or three, or in small can have no idea 
of the саса display they ide. when planted 
in large s like the above. Zi 
gross feeder, à to grow them large and fine th 
require very liberal cultivation, ae beds intended. 3 
for them should be trenched at leas 
ЕЕЕ 
I f 
deep, and during the operation mes of thoroughly 
ecomposed dung should orked Bei 
natives of Peru they are er, shi 
not be sown e . The middle of 
May i: i they grow rapidly and аге 
fit for planting out in about three weeks after the 
they are sown. The should be sown in pans. 
or boxes in light vegetable soil, which should 
placed in gentle heat till they te, and the 
moment this m 
care is ту 
from becoming drawn, which they soon. 
do if not prickat- = Dues placed close to the 
glass, where ve plenty of light and air. 
