290 THE 
GARDENERS 
CHRONICLE. 
[SEPTEMBER 4, 1875. 
directions for their use in most of the old 
Herbals. They are sometimes substituted for 
those of the Mulberry as food for silkworms, 
apparent success. 
last edition of English Botany that in the hot 
of good quality. 
various wild plants in the vicinity, as well as . 
on the Bramble leaves. 
Coming now to the fruit of the Bramble, we 
may note that its abundance has passed into a 
proverb—“ as plentiful as Blackberries” being 
a popular simile for a copious supply of any- 
thing. The spell of fine weather which is often 
experienced at the end of September and begin- 
ning of October, and which is variously known 
as St. Luke's or St. Martin's * little summer," is 
called the ** Blackberry summer” in some parts 
are used in colouring 
wine; in Provence the red Muscat wine is so 
coloured, ass spins Mee wine, syrup, and a 
s prepa: eiue The juice 
when dried is is ‘employed in painting, and paper 
coloured with it е, sometimes used as a reactive 
will be remembered that 
first 
part of King Henry IV. :—“ Shall the blessed 
icher, and eat Black- 
?" In explanation of which, it may be 
noted that in the Forest of De 
Blackberries, or simply to mooch, means to 
pick Blackberries, and these fruits have thence 
obtained the name of Mooches 
The names of the Blackberry are sufficiently 
ied and puzzling. *'Blackberry" itself is 
intelligible enough, although the fruit is not 
a berry in the —€——— LE of the term ; 
but what are we to make of “ Bumblekites,” by 
which euphonious title Dennen are gene- 
rally known in the North of S ai k 
p m Scot, yte, Belly; x as 
in the Wife of Wicca £y— 
** The deil cut off thair e кд иш һе, 
strute yestreen !” 
and uměle, applied im Chaucer 
voice of the bittern ; from the rumbling and 
bumbling caused in the bellies of children who 
eat its fruit too greedily!” ‘This derivation is 
almost as good as that proposed for Smallage 
at p. 263, “from its known quickness of growth, 
— 
ent of * small ache,” or small Parsley, in con- 
tradistinction to the E which was the 
great ache (ache large) of French Meridia, 
In the case of уза uim there can be n 
that the first half о of the word is a corrup- i 
tion of Bramble, which is rendered in various 
dialects brimmle, ammle, brummle, and 
» is certainly much more diffi- 
een belly and berry, owing to 
ty und in the two words ; but 
this seems a little f rachat It is less strange 
to find that in ля Blackberries аге known 
as Mulberries, as the common French name for 
them is vides de Ji, or mires Sayvages, and 
they were formerly sold in apothecaries’ shops 
under the title “ Mora bati," or, as Parkinson 
says, “ Mora i, the ies of the Mulberry 
them Mora peu “ Scald- 
troverted тт учаны рг їп К Se^ 
pium т: — “The fruit of the 
Bramble” 
” he says, “is reputed infamous for | 
causing sore heads, whence it comes to pass 
that to scare children from eating of them, some 
call them — i but I look upon this as 
t after Michaelmas ч 
which 'is 
fable: for the earth is the Lord's and the ед 
thereof" Parkinson tells us that “ the leaves of 
Brambles boyled in lye and the head washed 
therewith doth heale the itch," and so on ; but 
this would scarcely | account for the name of the 
Michaelmas Day, is still prevalent in Ireland, 
and they are generally left ungathered after 
that date. 
Among the uses of Blackberries, it must not 
be forgotten that they are employed, although 
not as extensively as they deserve, in making 
jam, and a conserve of Blackberries was in 
former times considered efficacious in cases of 
sore throat. Mixed with Apples they form an 
agreeable pudding. The difference in flavour 
of the different varieties of Blackberry is very 
remarkable, and, so far as it goes as an evidence 
of their distinctness, our American cousins have 
introduced some of the varieties into cultiva- 
Bonet and Dane obtained some very large-fruited 
form of which were at one time intro- 
duel ерш England. For some reason, how- 
ever—possibly because we felt we had already 
a sufficient supply of Blackberries in our hedges 
—they did not become popular, in spite of 
extensive advertising, and it may be doubted 
whether any of them are now in cultivation in 
England, unless it be in some of the large fruit 
nurseries, The cut-leaved Bramble is frequently 
grown, not only for its handsome foliage, but 
likewise for its fine fruit. 
We have devoted so much space to the 
Bramble chat its allies must stand over for 
future consideration, when we shall find that 
they also are not deficient in points of interest. 
„М. 
New Garden Plants. 
"ec esie LIVINGSTONIANA, Rchd. f.* 
I have just the first two fresh flowers at 
They are — olet than 
be. is greenish-yellow, the inferior part o 
lateral бте жиі the tails are dark violet. 
a yello pom blotch on De end of each inferi 
whic a very striking appearance. The e length 
of the tail | is nearly that ы half the pot but it is 
rather different in eac er. Every one who knows 
ut Masd has e such 
as to-day, when such an indifferent job would 
make one fall asleep). The whole length of E 
adt 
к” 
HM 
iz 
® 
^ 
ao 
fun 
R 
BE 
discovery of Señor Benito Roezl in Panama, I have 
E oanuesch- 
eng Baden, for the fresh flowers. They come 
бое. the. beautiful ex. of the Prince Egon von 
enberg. H. С. Rehd. f. 
MASDEVALLIA CALOPTERA, Rchb. f. 
ана proves to КЕ a very e um lae eei A br 
the "e pns tails contrasting from the seat it purplish 
bodies of the There no dar 
erg, 
e management of Herr Hofgartner 
Kirchhoff. H. С. Rchb. f. 
ia Li toniana, Rchb. f.—(Clausæ porrectæ.) 
Pri seme folie spatu. ae obovatis basi bene attenuatis apice 
rotundatis minute tridentatis unculis unifloris breviorib: 
bractea tubulosa ovario pedicellato longe breviori ; perigonii 
externi rui cyatho ' elongato, mento о! о 
triangulo brevissimo - pco learn: 
mdr the abl 
atriangulis latis cum суа! ati: lineari ligulato cauda- 
is, caudis decurvis; t is obtusatis t 
: imo pel basi brevissime sagittata, lobulato 
obtuso; columnæ androclinio denticulato lia 
143 Rchb. f. in Gardeners’ Chronicis, 1874, ii. 
.322.— Peri tubus viridiflavus ventre inferiori atroviolaceo 
| ioc mm ; basi albido flavo гас рш ый "Tepalum 
е columna alba. Labellum basi flavum punctis ru 
album striatis longitudinalibus rubris duabus rms в: 1863). 
nd. 
I had expected them to 
f 
wide. I have already sited the рын S d 
INFLUENCE OF CHLORINE ON 
THE NUTRITION OF PLANTS. 
W on the one hand, there is a class of 
етед “which are indispensable for the normal 
nutrition of plants, there is another class with 
on the wea is given in a recent number of Der 
S 
om various experimental researches it seems to 
ma: been established that the most suitable concen- 
imits o: 
5 grammes proportion of salt ‚рер litre of water. W: 
ооо, the plant absorbs, 
=! 
ES 
‚5 pe 
sh. the plant absorbs more salt in proportion to 
so that the residuum loses in concentration, and 
absorption of nutritive matter by t the roots. 
which we have here to do 
ec e first, A, was pla 
tion without chlorine, Man qe. in 2 litres, 0.9884 
9.2457 nitrate of 
0.2457 grm. xc бага and 
m. sulphate of end 
much nitrate of potash afterwards added as it already 
contained, 
portion of hice 
the id 
experiment 
was poured, on June 1, 55 cc. of the original solution, 
then the special addition was made in each case. The 
plants vir put in е vessels, 
had evaporated 100 
the normal solution w was a prove in : this wascontinued 
till each had хасу 2 litres of solution alto- 
and whenever a plant 
the residuum in the vesse 
of me nutritive си were afterw 
ofthe plants there were no 
аййыепсез till the middle e June. Then the plant 
went ahead, followed by n July 15, А 
* decimetres long, 5 H and c 7. On July 
= 30 gtm., and C. 
weight, A S" 14 grm., B = 
10 gr., c 7 
Another Maize plant, x, from an older series of expe- _ 
working 
E the same 
0.5. per cen This by 
August 10 had produced 50.3 атт. dey weights From 
comparison of the residual solutions the absorption of 
mineral matter was fo o have , in the case 
ех боз п = он Й 
0.6369. For production of тоо ртт. dry weight 
i dus cons nsumed 5.736 grm. of mineral matter; B, 
ns :— 
the two solutions 
E 
yt 
В 
a 
BE 
E 
z 
З 
19 
ourished best in 
without chlorine for plants x and A. 
2. The more concentrated. solution, of 4 to us ра 
plant x, n 
1000, for plants A, B. 
3 Those of the e which remained longest. 
of water an additional тоо cc. of 
4. The relative absorption of all nutritive pene 4 
also increase with the duration of the vegetation - 
5. The absolute absorptions of lime were not — 
