E SEPTEMBER II, 1875.] 
3 
1 
. Rec 
илегез has has bee n made i int the ape of a 
ery h is 
little lateral chambers 
LH 
GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE. 
327 
fashion, with Violas of cheerful hues ; but. no 
onform —_— to the 
aceous argue 
weve as nee 
BE 
hundred à little circular beds, disposed without forma ality 
upon the lawn, are m ar as sc different apes 
as e. 
unknown to 
ty axis, mw way 
ak, by the early rising Convolvulus, the 
y replaced with something else any с 
is always in readiness p MAE little c кз? эле 
vacated the unfailing and inest 
mpletness' sake Mr 
added an alpine ORE m and here 
à capital contrivance ots containing the pu 
have no bottoms. D mmer, “ж аге 
in the earth, the roots c 
where е they 
when replaced in the frames E the winter 
they are lifted without difficulty. 
ently a very conspicuous каш to the garden 
mmense 
ouse ly fine 
structure was originally erected by a gentleman I 
ingon the borders of Loch Lon E Mr. ibble, 
conservatory or Sint: house for t ient of his 
private grounds. Mr, Kibble, fo, parted with it, 
the gardens have now the bene he plan is = 
a broad approach АШ. a spacious rotunda, wi 
i occ T 
o 
"wn 
p 
EO 
M 
8 
Ж. 
= 
a 
а. 
p 
gu 
E 
A 
dark, the rotunda at s engag fo 
concerts, The furnishing of the interior with plants, 
except as regards the water, which is utili т large 
shrubs on inverted flower pots, can of course be only 
ad interim. It is no part of the Bots ic Garden 
. proper ; little more indeed than mental pro- 
menade, Nothing could be betteradapted for the pur- 
of a flower show. Ordinarily, чо, the 
wershows have been held in the City 
» à very unsuitable pla Pee that 
e e po 
m to have overlooked. what is due to 
be 
аа: railway carriage 5s ableaux, however, 
arden is a very 
spot. There is Seu of material 
d every one Ara Ap = plants and botany ; and 
is certainly 
ете BY INSECT 
Я of us who are growing grey ee qoe. Me 
o: an 
that ihe ia and note its pendulous flowers, 
fall the anthers were so placed that the pollen must 
on {һе stigma, But modern science checks this 
Young exuberance, 
and does not 
Y 
SE we had looked deeper, we чаа have noted 
G 
H 
Z 
RR 
E 
m 
& 
RE 
© 
f 
cept as they seem 
Some popular theory which it becomes secet 
JE: at es It is = object of this paper to show 
are in of a nore di 
of the theory of insect fertilisa prejudice in езды 
meeting, in rely to a question by 
т Cox, asto w. um caught in 
better thought could occur to i aiat or ү ita a 
the playful remark that it was simply an illustration 
that even here evil had found an entrance to the 
wor. ut while Professor Gray was cautiously 
е ii way м Dr. Hooker, оп the other side, 
ventures H to imagine 
sk 
a pcm ibis certain qu анана permitted the 
naan of insects in rts of their structure, 
d the practice ns е ўи found 
зоба, and he would proba 
num was sim jl 
illustrates the tendency of thou d to insec 
rtilisation. Müller and others teach that plants come 
they ar 
is view is 
na v eot to 
They are 
fertilisat was ie 
ed breeds of cattle are th 
as shown er m up of an 
extensive study of the old. families among the English 
obili relatives have 
g 
E: 
and 
а 
s 
pular idea is erron ges 
= ve n as подно гы as healthily, men- 
ly, as the average marria 
is, therefore, no ‘longer a questi 
to stand on the fac ts alone as they we adde 
ucca and the Orchidee amiliar e 
there are general considerations whic 
open insect aid mus 
very annoying to the entomologists who accompa nied 
me. It was a frequent subject of conversation whether 
t's bee was not a ough on a 
to the veteran крит i 
Indeed, gom paucity 
ocky 
of all kinds in. the Mo untains is well known ; 
but there is no more scarcity of seed in the coloured 
flow t in similar Poesia 
Nearer home we see the same thing. many 
our woods abound, but any observer of 
and flora must have been y in 
ly spring, with the cts about them, 
ut all th lants, remarkable exc 
tions, seed well. Again, red Clover fields are favourite 
pasture poni for humble bees, АА: t e 
case in my vicinity, the white Clo 
som, they total y. abandon the red Cloverfields, I 
have watched red Clover fields carefull 
y several times 
а day ot a week at a time afte bandonment Е 
pete bees without seeing anything but a few, very 
urnal Lepidoptera on occasionally, and өн 
extent, oan the flowers wei seed as grues as the most 
insect-frequen ted field would do. General evidence 
of this kind is, I think, fair presumption agai 
gency to any great exte ut the direct and posi- 
tive evidence is what we want, and here I find it in 
great abundance. M ers are so constructed 
mong the so-called e philous class that the 
ust of necessity fertilise themselves. I do not refer 
to th istogamou ich seed without per- 
каз рн n Violet. А vg nu 
their pistils covered ру hs 
flowers open. Of 
ve 
E 
isu an 
бет НЕ the case earl 
pollen sacs burst m 
with the o 
ollen has a 
a, who 
ad actually made their descent through 
the pistil redd the ovarium. But what I regard as 
remarkable is that many flowers which have been 
taken b [ed ean observers to illustrate the necessity 
of insect fertilisation, not oily fruit зангаас when 
they are fertilised before they open, we many cases 
Be 1870, 2 the 
Runne ег; Mr. Bennett, kos the Pansy ; 
on Clover, Air the author of 
aris. m 
ea бора sei an insect on the common Pea 
on the upper sure, and cu 
with the anthers on the u 
se papi- 
lionaceous plants, as noted by the authors ose quoted, 
bear on 
W. insect or any pressure is m 
them ; but it will be found that in man 
mo t makes th tch, as it were, th 
са 
y throws the pollen 
insects Pack, but only to draw it p og the stigma 
n the exit, In the white Clover аас ex- 
periment nig staggered me. itis rare there is 
istake at facts. Не ЕФ Te e proeasiied 
Bind te from Ка they bore no seeds ; some ex- 
posed to bees ааны, сся І am satis 
that in all cases I examined, flow rs just before end 
тей with them 
over with a sieve 
No bees could gt to them. I think I may 
fi seed, Unfortunately І 
which mu 
hilous class, as any one, hope he wi 
d them easily. aon Miiller himself admits s that the 
four long MÀ f-ferti- 
lisation in with 
ite me 
Chis’ out 
all petaloid 
because a e class, 
notice by Challenger expedition, ea, 
apetalous, r t 
«a the pollen of anemophilous plants. As this 
found to be so, it is regar arded as con! nfirming s that edd 
and yet with Thlaspi bursa-pastoris, which has no 
visiting insects of consequence with us, has abundance 
of seed, as the horticulturists knows, to his great 
anno | 
Indeed, the interpretations of the uses of structure 
often has two sides, I believe І was among the first. 
