366 
HB (GARDE NERS’ CHRONICLE 
[SEPTEMBER 18, 1875, 
The habit of one is quite of a e ES 
character, and very handsome, Two of the specimens 
5 or feet in height, an 
60 
consideri at they oes been ient only thirty- 
five or m dcs they have thriven well il 
is a sti y, the si! 
land was drained some time oes p 
appear to have derived great advantage fro: 
our market orchards 
R 
amongst growers for its erect robust habit, a form of 
growth most acceptable = the soil beneath is cul- 
tivated and cropped. e Ca шке, eed 
of a rich red russetty hine, і is s this year specially well- 
ааг. the Pears being of good siz d clean 
hanging on the branches pes А like ropes of Onions. 
In some gardens, you «ees hat have been left un- 
staked have been born the ound 
ruit, and in some ту 
have uet crops are Bon C Chrétien, Hessle 
as the Hazel), uise, e 
e of Jersey, and Gros Calabasse, 
ral of our correspondents have received 
a a порада ач from the other side of the 
wish 
microscopy," failing 
hich we, omologists and inves estigators,” 
take the 1 liberty of Еб, 
* Your name in the Chronicle, E to the 
Potato disease, suggests this note, Pardon me for 
the liberty taken 
urnis re wen 
investigators will Mat: but I сыр 
lenge investigators 1 to refute the facts state 
the sequence 
The far 
ps grown 
"rur renda rotten When 
—— The MADRESFIELD COURT VINE growing 
in the cool ** Fountaine " house at Chiswick is у 
now ripening a fine f fr 
ood s 
y fine. The 
planted on an in iile border, which has during the 
past season been liberally dressed with Amies’ pa 
have been found 
ed state, — with o 
IS has deduced 
hose 
—— Elephants! bones 
‚шнен in a petrifie 
shells, and from this phenomenon UE 
a very bold hypothesi 
to w been 
marine ; that the sea left their сеи on these 
in a remote period world; that 
while the continent slowly Ond from the all- 
se natives of € ater became 
men, quadrupeds, 
fish. Ts the wheel of 
philosophy turns т-у ы brings up again the ex- 
1 enets of ANAXIMANDER im the reveries of 
ELLIAMED ! 
—— The ARTIFICIAL VANILLA, ret — те sub- 
stitute for Vanilla, discovered by M . НАВТІС and 
KUBEL, appears bn yere the qualities first ied 
for it ; and, what 
нр 
duced at 1 ick f the price 
of Vanilla, It is a beautifully е 
ose, found in the cambium о 
glucos rtain ка Mad 
ts pre 
which when treated with imr pric at agen 
the 3 the aromatic Principle 
sold in the foci of an 
when di 
sents 
of Vanilla. It is 
rather an 1 alcoholic 
Massachusetts Horticultural Society, the for- | 
of the 
tunate raiser of this magnificent plant, We have also 
С, Standishii 
ае ofi the Cambridge Botanic ees. = ico 
Massachusetts, who suggests that the 
a ni be pus ve Uu superb hybrid— a "a sugges - 
in w 
е runs as follow 
“I sent last year to Me: AN жаннан fhe ie a small 
bulb of. " "hybrid Lily raised by m 
y 
ow to be merely L. lancifolium, 
ed b the ese of this male pare 
one case al =. s was a 
n days earlier vum 
ape red ; it had the берсе 
ura ae and resembled it also in form, his first 
easured 98 Moos from tip to „Чр of the MM. 
, of whic 
est measured E inches, The a was then in 
see as no me pains or skill was applied to its 
с и that "e "aver might be 
grown to the dimid ofa 
* This s hybrid was the most tanen result of a great 
ied by me in the cross-fertili- 
S genus is certainly remarkable in 
the tenacity with which it preserves the characteristics 
of the female parent, an ists the influenc 
male. Thus ems egnated L. nemorum and its 
vari ima with the pollen of L. a 3 
riety 
L. lancifolium, and six or eight other Lilies, the qm 
1CHiOovYCGO ore 
the ripened. 1„ Takesima bore 
but 23 resulting plant did not differ | perceptibly from its 
female parent, showing no feature of the male 
very scanty crop of seed, but 
this seed sodas a et in which no sign of the male 
influence was visible 
— — The flowering of a fine specimen of AGAV 
AMERICANA VAR, VA 
of our issue of 
| August 21, was preceded, as we ton from Kew, by 
a pleat ofa the 
same pro 
there in the temperate-house two years ago, 
THE эк тк ee 
ТнЕ two тошеру a (figs. 78 and 79) 
will afford some idea of the merit of the modern spring- 
varieties of the poster both as decorative and as 
flowering exhibition plants. The original parent of this 
race is the Clematis patens of Japan, whic = also 
е | been called C. ccerulea and C. a, but the 
ere is more or bir iti the blood of 
and C. Fortunei, with a slight admixture 
in the early summer-flowering sorts of C. lanuginosa 
newer varieties th 
aring C. patens itself with 
med че 2 those иче Stella and Lord Londes- 
. Fortunei with Lucie Lemoine, or C. 
Tob eta Veitch with Countess a Lovelace. 
The 
er ] 
(fig. 78) represents the gend lead 
vatory in the gardens of Royal Botanic Garden, 
Regent's Park, where, eg spring, Mr. G. 
of s bi im ing ery, sere certainly the finest 
display of these = populat spring-flowering plants which 
has yet been The sketch e 
a i photograph ape when the exhibitio 
ts height ; and it is абака fairly sug indie 
effect of such an 
er 20,000 Fie of e 
blue fon iler grey to deep purple, intermixed wi ith 
sm roportion of pure white and 
The softness of е colouring, "Hu absen 
powering glare, the preponderance of deli- 
cate qilas anie just dicio relieved from flatness 
een and the white lights which were 
as one ne: лн mo. ost striking аме. pet 
ne: е display, which onde {рен be fi 
A full account Z3 this ое 
E will b be rast x р. 602 of our last у == 
The smaller woodcut (fig. 79) shows one of 
units of the group, a fairly bloomed plant representing 
medium-sized specim plants were trained 
over slight balloon-shaped t of wire, m 
in the and when in full bloom w 
for ion of dev as ааъ 
any specimens of greenhouse rers grown for exhi- 
bition, while they 
pi the decoration of t е conservatory, corrid 
r hall. М ы 
è o cultivator has as yet brought out these 
Саа so well-grown and so freely. 
as Mr. Ja to him and hi -camp 
wood of the previous year, t n, 
the Took а = be looked for, aa hot on the 
summer gro . lanugino 
of the C, рена T type. 4. 
THE FORMATION E EE 
IN THE SEED L 
EVERAL years ago M, Famintzin made the observa. 
pla 
of chlorophyll are capable, under the influence of 
presented in pure quartz sand, when they developed 
starch in the chlorophyll granules in sunlight, whereas 
the weight remained unaltered if they were in = dark 
and formed no odlewski 
has shown that starch is developed | in chlorophyll 
penis previously containing none, more quickly 
an atmosphere with 8 cent. of ненне acid than 
in atm si: eric air; , on the other d, in 
r without carbonic acid starch disappears in full 
c 
all) which, under influ f light, is meta- 
hosed into amylum. a ely made, i 
reference to this view, a ee of ipie ue with 
seedlings of Pus Ra lax, and has com- 
unicated a memoir on the s subject to the Vienna 
Academy, in е Says : 
“Тһе starch appearing in the ges leaves of young 
plants of wies Radish, and Flax is 
Loca een formed’ by imm mediate 
Perit e orn nutriment already present. The special proofs - 
of the correctness of this — ion are afforded by the 
following се of experi 
“т, In the cotyledons of b 
of nme also goes on in the dar 
ts named, formation 
fT 
Havhat us sativus, reared in darkness or in pO 
daylight the imt of starch is , greatly 
ore co complete 
КЕПИН їп el d dayli eto or direct su Ем, his 
also occurs, ho pst if the plants are insolated 
ithout carbonic 
eéfiedons o of seedlings, which are сана 
on moist felt, in direct sunlight, over ash lye, are 
coloured qui with iodine, if taken at the prote 
time, That the » in such cases, could not 
for. by ation of the c nic acid ed 
smoke which takes place, when gre closed 
pure hydrogen gas, along with a ball of phosphorus on a 
platinum wire, are ex full daylight = direct 
are expos 
sunlight, quite ceases immediately on potash ly 
troduce 
. Seed- leaves of Cress and Radish plants, reared in 
diffuse daylight, the intensity of which, however, was 
proved to be insufficient fo: 
ou uch richer in stare: 
like stages of development, 5 "the sister plants reared 
ness. 
“с. With goslight Cred. pigat do not decompose саг. 
-— acid. Seed 1 f Cress, cultivated in gas- 
light, and taken at the iei time, are co 
ete 
i^ 
бой eq equally admirable objects — 
in ait . 
sa and the varieties — 
