THE 
SEPTEMfiER 25, 1875.] 
GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE. 
391 
alone, Sucha nokia of pue is sufficient for 
all ананна purp I am well aware t 
in mind 
Vineyard. T. ly 500 or 
1000 fi f hot-water pipe attached to the boilers ; 
each the larger ki t Liverpool had nearly 
2 miles of piping attached to it. Under these heavily- 
weighted cónditions the high temperatures — 
were most satisfactory, and fully sufficient r- 
ticultural pu , and the heating of public build- 
rpo 
ings, factories, churche es, &c. 
e three limekilns at Garston have taken the 
place ‘of sixteen boilers, and th 
s, pipes, › are so complete 
may heat any part of the establishment at pleasure. 
Practically, only two are intended to beds employed in 
a general va The third kiln is a apparatus as 
well, and will on! S cas + еп 
may be employed in 
mergency, or two, te one аа x required, 
thus be no waste of heat in su 
| there can - no lac 
of к» either by night or day, and ha 
of the 
ossi ible to look into those glowing masses 
cons 
of its highest recommendations for horticultural pur- 
arden ho kn f the miseries 
of stoking will thoroughly appreciate the testimony on 
this point of Mr. Bennett, late of ld. Inexpress- 
ing his perfect satisfaction with the Hatfield kiln at the 
dinner, he said that he had slept sounder last winter 
than he had done for years. "The kiln impressed him 
with confidence that was never народа, the houses 
f. eee an 5? in th seems 
on сна for them to m Of course, 
the lower the t temperature the more oxygen finds its 
way into the kiln, and ur fiercer the lime burns, 
< : testimonial from the craft, 
ing more than provide a permanent 
and абаа. source of “on for horticultu u 5 
The night have bu ut tho s of lives 
e in cases of su 
depression. Mr. nett, however, only found it 
to resort to expedient once during the 
nter, and it would о needfi 
There is but little difference in = of a limekiln 
t or more at a str 
anman i the limekiln. bui is also 
doubted su ether it will т-д furnish 
t free que ust of course epend upon seve 
varies more than cent. € 
ms the phon price of limestone to hors or coke, 
paying: 
cost to the compan: 
seems 
АП the limestone has to come by train, ts a 
per ton—almost as 
much as coal, One fact, how ‘gen A most power- 
fully in favour of the limekiln hea Mr. Cowan 
assured me that i 
needs be, partially z7 Еў к За, іп urning 
of the lime, On at heat ней to be 
coal bill by one- 
same Eumenis benefits arise placing 
50 much a puente а to reduce the 
a 
een the crown of the and the 
ere feet Парай, it might be vut 
отыш bl 
А iul ee of heat to the 
boiler astride of me On the contrary, as the 
e enwraps the retorts in its 
powing em race, the heat of the coal inside leaps 
rth to add to the intensity of the glow without, and 
the ekiln afforded the most vivid and strikin 
eating is a good and strong 
System, use it, It v was impossible to look into that 
glowing heat that li the base of the boiler above 
Баз retort, and not feel ad "e as Sig 
two was yet better 
he gas made, w 
which the V Vineyard was lighted on a Friday night, vi 
of excellent quality, and such high candle 
power as to excite the envy and admiration of gentle- 
men from oo ol and London and € large 
towns, I look upon the mode of тосар пе ог = 
retorts over the kiln as likely to prove phe of them 
valuable features of the system, "tha will не large ely 
ned i in gardens, public and priv could 
well add. more to the comfort an de еп) 
gas; 
mode of heating horticultural and other 
kie e light as 
be 
e to the company and t 
public, to state that "those — er now most of ле 
system were loudest i а а т. Ben 
proposing s agar ee t pany. arak 
wes terms of its iuum success at Hatfield. The 
boile d done it well. 
ucumbers all 
he 
o A. Wauchope, Esq., 
Niddrie Gardens, near "Edinburgh, who has had two 
ys ers’ experience, spoke in the strongest os in its 
praise and of its profits. His apparatus ts 3000 
feet ot fh, and vik no IN thé ti is те the 
diy seed т, че Kyl emore Castle, county 
Galwa way, ей cunts all the way from the nearest point of 
Ireland to America, fifty miles west of the Galwa ay 
ces station, to ehe that he had had the system in 
т two years, heating 9000 feet = piping. This 
gentleman ited that, though the price ot lime is 
Is. 64, per barrel in that out-of-the-way 
lace—yet the lime sold paid for the coal bought, and 
left a balance of o бо t for carting, &c.; 
thus effecting lear saving of Я 00 for his 
mployer, Mitchell Henry, Esq., r, Garnier 
also the high price of 27s. ur ‘ton for - coal, 
nd burned about worth in 
and reported a probable 
f £300 a year re its adoption. 
similar Class were stated at de m leeting. 
r the ir inspectia" of 
"he in process of 
also been sent in for heat- 
ing part of the Crystal Palace, where the coal b 
ver ay re, it is рн 
а 
takes three months to get up the heat. A few gigantic 
kilns there the "a ng in fewer days 
r starting, an p it minimum of 
abour and anxiety ; ; while the high price of lime near 
London p е» the company actually to reap a 
pe bi are IM of heating and 
ghting fachada 1 in Mr. Cowan's patent'system, 
т success t vigo invention that 
those who e known how — — mn 
clung to his ida, through evil and good gen 
congratulate him on his present poddon. york future 
pr one of the y iverpool 
nights ч we might satisfy о! any po 
wished, and also for his pes т hospitality. M 
the Royal Horticultural Society have a gold medal to 
r who, t si #9. алий and 
“pe e for the man 
one, has forced heat without cost on the horticul- 
turist and Dog public. D. 7. Fish. 
BRITISH ASSOCIATION, 
AT the recent meeting at Bristol, Dr. I. Bayley 
Balfour read a paper, in Section D., **On the Flora 
Structure of the Mascarene Islands," 
in Bourbon there was a great contrast 
between the flora of the older north-western portion 
and that of the south-eastern district within the area 
formed by the volcano now acting. Неге the soil 
was very barren, with only a ve Composites and 
other plants that flourished in a dry The flora 
was not most closely allied oe that of Africa, but 
rather to that of India and the Indian Noses | y 
an 
species were few i in proportion to the genera, and 
the genera in proportion to cig Meet The propor- 
tion of indigenous plants and of species to any area ` 
Was as the 
v e rient remarkable 
the group, especially in ue Rubiacez and Com 
In addition, in eac ch isla 
in a moist climate. Td ora of Mauritius exhibited 
ad been ost ext ated, The 
few plants now remaining included one new genus ; 
and there were certain peculiar Pandani, but the 
general type allied to that of Mauriti In 
many of the small volcanic and cor nds whi 
surround Mauritius and Rodriguez, very often little 
e than rocks, there were gen ch 
peculiar to those islands, or els s that were 
action or by the submerg f 
ппесі nth Afr t 
en een Mauritius 
miles west from the Min ve a Чер 
fathoms ; while m m isi ж west of Mauritius the the- 
TEATS was 2700 fa 
Prof. Williamson remarked o п the parallel between 
a facts and odi ci bought r4 a Mie 
Darwin elite to p 
that these еса of оба й ап Wr c nom 
such as must necessarily have resulted from modi- 
tions in a Y ourse o y ; and they сот- 
pelled naturalists to г. in's vi 
whether they liked them or not. Coupled with the 
facts derived by Mr. I from the Indi 
ipelago, he thought considerable probability was 
given to the submergenc —Prof, Dickson 
forms on different oceanic islands was any се 
proof of evolution than the facts relating to Оо! 
ing of plants about geographical centres ; but Prof, 
Williamson maintained that the occurrence of distinct 
geo 
weg produced by new physical cond 
creative acts were admitted wi 
a gooetine nes сдав perio 
ON eee eae ON CHALK 
THE relation of a гона to the — formation 
upon which it flourishes is a very interesting matter 
botanically, and it involves many Y бетке questions. 
for the Plagusqipium of the practical planter. 
I not acquainted with any comprehensive 
taie. on this subject—any work which will say to 
a emus dr "If you are on n: and such a soil, you 
may plant this and not that: if your soil is of one 
kind, мы is а list of plants an will grow ; but if it 
is of that fa 
you 
other kind these same plants will il 
those who in the plea- 
à bal now somewhat anxious, ion of select. 
ing the trees = sa which es are ver ter and adorn 
-— um е 
dly di plots t o make a in such 
oec and to find after two or three ons have 
passed that the plants and the soil are а рет ity, and 
oped to see gge and shelter, 
bl Ih e such 
ftat rd one had ho 
all still remains barren and 
mistakes, and have suffered accor A" 
n ing in untried ground there is one some- 
“е trustworthy source of aid in t AR 
genera + wild ed "ие псов best in the 
