456 THE 
GARDENERS’ 
CHRONICLE. 
[Остовев 9, 1875. 
medium 
ob he leaves with long bris stle e points, 
There iety of this species, possessing, 
however, no sp ban 
Before leaving the Oaks of Europe and the countries 
bordering the Mediterranean, I may праи few word 
res the e een forms of the latter o eam 
It CM well- pios We fact th: at the British 
not flourish near the sea, an 
sea breeze may be seen in trees growing several miles 
inland, at least in the South and West of En p, Pig tien in 
seak exposed to the south-west winds; but it i 
st so with the Holm Oak, Q. Ilex, and indeed it is 
one of the best subjects for sea-side planting and for 
bleak situations generally ; апа it also succeeds well 
d 
handso: 
to shelter Mis aes om (by hardy I mea 
of withstanding the wind, especially when 
х чта д. ur), and it is not devoid 
of наета either as а shrub or tree, In foliage, it 
is exceedin: ingly" variable from seed, and there are several 
distinct in cultivation n which are propagated 
that this sp hardy. 
Suber, occidenta is de, piger. 
ry little ый" 
very 
w ar ussex, where the 'ibecil is is 
chalk and the езу: кзг i coccifera is a 
y of 
o on Holly, so much 
Аза Жут t the plant Spe. readily be taken for a 
1 Al ey te ааыа) 
PYRUS SINENSIS. 
THe Sand Pear—Pyrus — rarely fruits in 
this ; that we avail ourselves 2 
kindly tarnished us by Messrs. Lee ep] give an e 
tion of it (fig. 95). Mr. Charles Lee, in writing to u 
It will be seen 
that the fruit Mene in some respects a pt a 
resemblance to the Japan Pear, 
no: 
and the richn 
g it a desirable tree in collections, 
„991 Correspondence, 
and in several places it crept up almost to the edge 
affording shelter to many in 
birds, and contrasting pleasantly in the softness of its 
outlines and the greenery of its foliage with 
e monotonous regularity of the further Paddi fields, 
eki level surfaces of the brightest and most aen 
emerald were so uniform in hue and character gener- 
ally as to be wearisome, and, indeed, almost painful 
to the eye. 
My companion, who had strong orchidaceous pro- 
clivities, was very anxious that we айо devote at 
least a portion of a day to the exploration of thes 
attractive-looking woods, and, accordingly, one after- 
noon towards the end of July we plunged into their 
eful shade. At first ept along the higher 
238 a 
ee P pea pP VM м 
and sc ж 
AIL d the olde E pee had evidently been 
h n i 
pos FA 
' р. 504. 
though almost MÀ pia A = and р ie the 
foot ; while, owing to the thinness of the underbrus 
he mater Е diffculty. ^x ce 
There were very few large 
rcely any that see 
before, an 
"s custom in such 
S, f genera differ- 
ing — from those which originally occupied the 
roun 
The sun shone out so hotly at intervals that the 
shelter of the woods was very pleasant and refreshing, 
while the coo р damp earth exhaled a “fra ance of its 
MTS peculiar forest smell, which struck the chords 
f memory, and sent one's tho oughts dancing back to 
other rupe "e days of the long and almost forgotten 
when pale flowers of a Northern spring-time 
e - more fama objects than the rich-hued produc- 
А = 
as footpaths, were numerous 
De as well 
wed one 
gro 
in the tpe stretch of woodland, and we follo 
o 
few plants in 
forest, rä the green shade of which it stood out i 
е relief there came from a little copse near by 
зай th mbled, in some d ‚ а burst 
culous апа d iscordant а cha combined w u 
i A I: = atteri I at once recognised the 
strangi rsh vi thrush ; 
the Garrulax Belangeri, playing about on the grou 
and amongst ches a hbouring tree, 
their snow-white cr king contras 
t 
proached them closely that ону 
moved off, still chattering and making outcry enough 
to m the whole forest. A pair of the — 
et-tailed drongos ge paradiseus) w 
also i i v view e same time, but their sweet, flute. 
like 1 w severa 
others. ilithe — our eme one of 
as sitting 
e 
A very pretty ge ni Nag elegans) эе — 
g the 
we mi the m spikes of a ZI ралоо ur- 
cuma. Over Flora was amply re ted in 
the profs + whit te bloom wy a beautiful Tittle "Orchid 
ich growing 
ren pecimen-collecting amongst them rather an 
unpleasant operation. We also fo Aes the Epos 
imbrie: Dendtobitd 
D. secundum, Of 
on procured 
growing near the 
A of one of the tallest trees in the jungle, 
found a Gardenia in fruit, and also Strychnos 
nux-vomica, the sea et berry of Ум is very hand- 
some. Itisa wn tree in I 
апа is, I pet also f pE abundantly i in various parts 
i 
urmah, 
kinds met 
athe mal, опу 
at ign an P "—- orn 
Paulo (Баса plies’ ses mam 
dos as also the little dwarf Palm, wr aa i palu- 
inds of squirrels—one, a red spe with a 
yellowish-whie tip to its ~ (Sciurus {эше бы of 
on, and the other with and a greyi 
back (Sciurus hyperythrus of Blyth)—were so exceed. 
ingly common that I might easily have obtained a 
dozen of each. Some splendid ground-thrushes, so 
like Pitta bengalensis that I have no doubt of their 
having representatives of Pitta cyanoptera of 
oec ecu а а. of Mr. 
seemed to be a small colony © ol tensa for 1 I saw — 
fewer than three the afternoon. 
‘ot at all shy, and they repeated, at rapid intervals; 
413. —À U 
322, oa vw eiie irds af Petia, Soh ys is 
e passed b mam 
E the branches of a tallish tree on the brow of 
o — 
for a considerable Push: a ey hen loud note, Т 
did not once see them ound, but in 
case, when they flew, they LF i n alighted u 
the lower boughs of trees, and I foll 
hem нев. for some distance I observed this occurrence 
repeatedly, 
Three of the fine and striking-looking Alex: exandrine 
Suppa ets, the Palæornis Alexandri of Linnæus,} 
a 
et 
flew ing over my hea ilst I ratching 
= alg pitak ; and close to the little brook I disturbed 
very lovely ba uni (Alcedo bengalensis), Ь -whos 
ra radia a ae vena в. gh the gre 
frequented loc Barra 
hollow call bs crm hear 
мы cry, w 
y the 
г mosquitos, 
butterflies, we saw no insects; and the 
pe i Hec were two or three small lizards, 
returning we visited a native bazaar, a 
disi fom the bungalow, an obtained a 
e 
e species of Nephelium, Or perhaps 
erry of s 
; Schieichera. y era Bulger, F. L.S., in the *t Field " 
THE FARM. 
PESTS OF THE io hr fhe foal RAtTs,—In all 
cases of disappearance in the poultry-yard the rats 
form such un unfailing resource, Y il whether as the 
S the screen their 
Happily for all concerned a large pas s 
those who see the rat at all, see it either thrown 
dead, or s 
serious importance as ass riven to 
extremity by hunger, or acting in combination either 
i in numbers on the 
formidable incisors m th foes dangero 
rifle with, whilst their extraordinary cunning and 
foresight in of the comm 
ap 
nity make it most difficult to counteract their plots, 
When once established in a pet locality, from the 
rapid increase given by several broods of ten, pt 
or more in one year, they are almost impossible 
exti 
On elt orde 
red c. fag cere m on MA 
supports, walls are in ord 
rains are so far 
In such situations the offensiveness of their 
by no means eee ith their lives Be’ orcisonly 
if һар tha! i e somi 
patriarch rat is ex d, who, e of sor 
body up to his last stage of deco mposition, is 
still in Selleni prd with his hairless skin 
tightly dried on TG LZ he had died from old 
e 
i famin rga y till ther 
anything feris able 1 left abode him, In 
where the rats cannot be expelled, it is of all the more 
ry detail round ec 
of large woody roots above 
watched ; whilst all openings of disused drains 
be filled up, and those of drains in grated 
grates being fixed so as to keep the rats from burrow- 
ing a puso fas und them. 
the —— of the goslings 
and ducklings suc successivel eath the surface of the 
bably much more gm are to 
ho bear the blame; and — 
{ Vide Stray Feathers, vol. i. p. 335. 
