490 THE 
GARDENERS' 
CHRONICLE. 
[OCTOBER 16, 1875, 
), but it is not so much my aim to make my 
observations accord with what others have said, as - 
d what , and to е туо 
rrespective pót 
The firs c ~ differentiation i in the simple cells of 
the gills, when the basidia and cystidia are about to 
Y is m Y Lair e e becoming MN 
fallin and translucent : ce pear 
ial w ma 
103, Q), and 
basidia, though they are frequently larger i in size ; they 
hin, and are in many species, 
nules, W 
а 
granules so frequent in n typical cystidia (Gig. 105, ү). Тһе 
genus Pluteus. The germinat g cystidia 
— places at W, z к and 105, and the Ae hin 
, Y. On the top o 105 is seen a section ofa gill 
with all the bodies in poston enlarged 350 E 
whilst on the lower part o S cut may be seen variou 
e scale as seen m the 
"s at Y, which are at 
first not capable of movement, are really spermatozoids 
a fecundative power, this 
e cysti m. 
Before ting figs. 104 and 105, I д say that 
when a ee as represented in fig. 104, is placed under 
a covering glass in a drop of water, all the Pells d 
collapse and. perish, so that in three or four hours 
| b 
t 
трета. attach 
in to 
h тее арн 
i Ls char, arge 
Fro 
These 
to the spores, жаз the co 
e of the 
first. cell of the pi eus of anew plant which rapidly 
a li Now 
collapsing and destroying the old cells, has quite a 
effect on 
different the new cells as discharged from the 
undated spore, for ed wl ааа nant of the 
new plant depends u tant ence o 
e, request Lowe ecol horse-dung being perhaps 
t. Ati i erced by the spermatozoids is 
shown producing a Куса peculiar to itself, at A, 
I 
4. 
A spore is commonly considered to have some 
analogy with a seed, but according to my views its 
analogy i is. pter. with an unfe cundated E e 
ascus 
cystidium, on dw. oh e kant represents with its 
granules T anther and its pollen. 
CULINARY NOTES. 
THE following recipes are seasonable, as well as of 
practical any ou^ 
UINCE JELLY. A.—Wipe the Quinces carefully, 
a чег түре in slices ae without removing 
the Take out the pips (I should say leave 
the 
whith has led to excellent results), 
slices, as us cut them, into cold water in a stewpan 
which ottinned, because tin blackens fruit pre- 
serves, esu and jellies. There should only be just 
a brisk fire. "When they are boiled quite 
| yur out the contents of the stewpan into а 
sieve set over a broad pan, and let the juice drain 
completely away. Add to the juice an equal quantity, - 
by Mn ol of lump sugar, and set it again over a brisk 
fire. it boil a of the juice 
mem then put it into pots. 
fruit which remains in the sieve after being 
Quince-paste cakes, 
QUINCE-PASTE CAKES.—Pound the cooked and 
drained fruits with a pestle and mortar. Squeeze 
them through a coarse sieve or an veram cullender, 
the holes of which are not too ig. Incorporate with 
thi ade 
о 
ould pie-crust. When enient thinness is 
Ме 3 cut it out into dr with the top of a wine 
glass, or with the fancy-shaped tinned iron stamps 
you would use for Parm Or I cut vies — 
or Jodenges with a kni shy eet of w e pape 
on a sheet-iron plate ; вч this la xem touch- 
ing each other, and put them io ee into a tmd 
ovi 
re dry a old se 
with a diet df ee х S each layer of cakes. 
APPLE JELLY.—Peel and cut уон Apples — te 
slices ema aak rejecting the cor As fas 
do this throw them into co i Me oce gt sce 
|. Je 
When they are quite soft and yielding to the = 5 
of the finger take th he fire, and put t о 
а very — "wd or a new -— jelly- bag, to drain 
into n pan squ 
but 
Pass the j jus xen the bag till it is aac clear, 
and add to it an equal wasted of sugar brok 
small lumps. until the juice hangs 
ngs to the еа with whic » — St Bes 
ugh the sieve or ll-ho led 
ender. Throw in н thin ion: x ied 
Citron peel, and put into po 
iiim wi are usually Haapai for this Абас but 
many other kinds make very good j even in 
хе чта? а g Apples = be per’ d t 
are n cen $ т x гу. ue marmalade e may be 
mii. jelly is firmer when 
only three-quarters 7 а of sugar is used, but 
is darker in colour. 
ear jelly 1 may be made in the same way. 
QUINCE JELLY. B.—Let the QUUM be fully ripe, 
which is known A their yellow Б e and their stron 
smell, Make the jelly m * same SUA - direct 
for Apples, but leaving ou emon jui When 
finished boili A edes it through > је bag without 
1 
squeezing it ould prevent its being clear. 
The  Quinces сы not peeled, — the skin both 
ases th ma of the jelly and gives it a 
attractive nt кт pulp за mixed with powde 
sugar, md which will be still 
more delicate i in ‘favour if a few Apples or Pears 
added, But the Quince cakes above described are by 
far the most elegant берене 
The Billa Garden. 
—The Villa gar- 
THE DESERTED VILLA GAR 
receives best of iiA ea — week in the 
icle 
es 
of his affairs, tless many a perplexed 
amateur looks forward to Saturday as a day when he 
ill be set straight ary operations; 
but the advice and the difficulties both suppose a 
garden in existence—a piece of ground with plants 
then growing in it, to be well or ill-treated—and there 
is sometimes a state of affairs very different to this, 
where "E: amateur finds t of what is 
called a garden, but in a condition that none of the 
rules laid d' down for sequence ui established work 
quite — to, and where some eas as to 
the best od of getting his wilderness into order, 
ity. 
ho have through the labour of g g 
a new home into order may have still before them the 
mem of ** garden" when they took pos- 
ion. ighbours probably with one voice 
е in fond the En occupier was of his deem 
and so h ms to hav n, for he has carried them 
off with him, and the онаи remains ее 
ed беу cam or жоросу 
ots. 
amateur longing to get a = into some 
of comfortable aj or winter, and of 
pene e ri them in reforming what is 
LTT. 
present, and choosing and grouping er аи 
which а few suggestions might sometimes 
Where all has to be got into order, s p vel 
Es al ч а dry plant that is not absolutely i in 
the ace, The Lures called in to he elp to 
get things fo order appear irri to think differ- 
m bent on having all u 
i 
standard it is a sure sign of a fair 
further south oh west the Coro 
of- doa thro wi 
Where th ees is possible it also saves both time 
in growth expense to get the required plants from 
a garden close at n ntry neighbourhoods 
this is very likely impracticable but t 
roots may remain in a deserted garden pi rid e 
years the eülling. is not so u 
recen меа неге (even if the out- EE -— 
is r avourite flowers, or 
may b ith d soft shoots un 
broken, and the fibrous roots uninjured in their ball 
of earth, and at o efo 
e of the smaller perennials the 
point is of less tsi , but with many of the 
rsa eye which depend for their “fall effect on ae 
ood-sized garden as а 
C 
large clumps, yellow Winter Aconite, 
Laurustinus bushes which hav n thrown into pe 
autumn flowering, ker: = help ; but the chief point 
is pr грма on for the futuri 
usual hardy bulbs prom t themselves, — a 
good proportion oí hardy perennials and small flow 
ing shrubs is very desir ie 
eei of the garde r the whol 
rely concentrating the floral display o 
montis; ; in spring and summer they give 
so Р to extend T 
куен, не" of 
n the warm 
Е E 77 sets чарте ТИТО 
ters moré = 
than can be found in the unmixed adoption о 
ент plants, and 
of foliage, or the mere existence of foliage at all, gives 
Where 
be filled it is best to wait a little till climate and soil 
has ting in the bb 
and d but som to 
make a show with directly, and for ^ this known 
favourites 
x bright rosy blosso 
rriage well if tri 
The chen Rocket is 
dese 
Sweet Williams, Зебра Mint, Wallflowers, Ап all 
rhinums, Phlo kspurs, and hosts of | 
move well ; all that is requisite is «йк 
down any catal of perennials to what pl 
best suit t With taste th" 
чорце 
he circumstances. 
t plants 
care : 
may be made to set off the bedding : 
E 
