uud 
THEY GARDENERS 
CAROVICLEA. 
[DECEMBER тї, 1875. 
Gar deners? Chronicle, 
SATURDAY, DECEMBER 11, 1875. 
APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. 
Sale of сеа. е at Stevens' icol: 
Monpay, ; Рес. г fs Sale of Cam Azaleas, Palms, &c., by 
Protheroe F3 Mori в 
аст 4d - = — and Pigeons, at Stevens' 
WEDNESDAY, Dec. 15 де Хы, ас and Hardy Plants, at Stevens 
Tuunspay, Dec. 16 гог 
ен 
ims 
TUESDAY, 
of the Linrean Society, at 8 р.м 
ported оь 5 ту Rooms, 
Scientific I , at Stevens' 
Dec 6 (Pens Sale of R Roses, Shi жебе, апа Dutch Bulbs, at 
————9———— 
CHARLES NAUDIN has recently laid 
* before the Academ iences of 
N IN HYBRID 
PLANTS of the second generation fertilised by 
their own pollen. The example now given is a 
striking one, and is quite parallel to what has 
been often observed by himself and others. · In 
1874. M. NAUDIN found a hybrid between 
Lactuca virosa, the wild Lettuce, with rough 
spiny leaves, and the smooth Laitue de Batavia 
(Dutch Cos). The hybrid of the first genera- 
tion was fertile, and from its seeds issued a 
progeny exceedingly variable, but in which the 
cs of the two species were mixed in 
€ y of these were 
as variation, so strange an intermixture of pl 
the characters of both parents, there was no new 
"Epod produced—nothing which might not 
be with in one or other of its parents. The 
M. NA 
ean Lettuces were like the coloured frag- 
ments in a kaleidos scope er twice alike, 
although 1 1 t 
The considera 
NAUDIN to the: 
ión of һе facts leads M. 
estion of heredity—that force, 
n 5 
ensures the perpetuation of part 
and which though sometimes latent yet occa- 
at what is s this hereditary force ? and whence 
comes it? are questions pertinen ently asked by 
M. NAUDIN ; and the reply he gives hinges on 
the following considerations :—Motion is in his 
idea the passage from one state of equilibrium 
to another ; the course it takes is always that 
in which there is least fesistance. From this 
it follows that once it has begun to proceed in 
a certain course, its tendency to continue in 
that course increases, because it enlarges its 
here of action, and overcomes obstacles. 
other words, the more remote the commence- 
ment of the motion, the more UH its a diegiem 
ы шан 
T pen. of hereditary acti 
PATEA 
е ри 
UA fes n 
sionally j manifests шеш аз їп 1 the case of those 
"sports" and b which are com- | 
N 
share M. NAUDIN'S saca 
uated by the sexes, the offspring necessarily 
combine the hereditary proclivities of both 
parents, and, of course, of their respective 
ancestors. Hence M. NAUDIN is led to con- 
clude that “species” originated in a large number 
of individuals of the same structure, derived 
from the same “ proto-organism,” and that the 
numerous reciprocal crosses effected between 
these individuals have determined the direction 
in which their posterity has become evolved. 
Originally sexuality consisted in the mere con- 
jugation of like structures (as seen in the lower 
algz and in some fungi), but in time the law of 
division of labour began to operate, so that the 
individuals became sharply defined as of the 
male or of the female sex, as the case may be, 
and reproduction involving the co-operation 
through countless ages is considered, it is no 
wonder that there should be a persistence of 
specific forms ; and the probability that they 
will never deviate from the course marked out 
for them by circumstances becomes increasingly 
great. An alteration could only b be brought about 
by the exertion of Ж ^ 
ise {1 1 endency. Issuch 
a hee ete ? If AS are brought about 
by variations in the surrounding conditions, or 
environment, as Mr. SPENCER terms it, it must 
be remembered that the alteration is in the 
organism itself, it does not imbibe it from the 
external conditions ; moreover, the conditions 
themselves tend to equilibrium in all directions, 
and hence their power to modify organisms 
becomes gradually less. 
M. NAUDIN proceeds to call attention to the 
small number d variations which are found 
when mber of seeds of the same 
re orm. \ 
producing varieti 
erhaps ages ago, long 
rior to domestication, and that their incon- 
stancy from generati on to generation is simply 
due to reversion, The оаа Aes specific 
d of sexual reproduction (as con- 
trasted with that by means of buds) seem to M. 
NAUDIN to stand one to the other in the rela- 
tion of effect to cause. Previous to the occur- 
rence of sexuality forms are supposed by him to 
have been vague, not distinguished by recognis- 
5 
able limitations, and more ог less affected by 
| ges from one species. 
relied on by the new school in their 
as to the origin of ке 
M. NAUDIN, howev all 
not widely to differ ear those whose opinions 
he controverts, for he admi analogou 
structures ha ad a co origin, but 
he says this t departure was ante 
rior to the differentiation into sexes, and 
t we mus this gr of depar- 
ture in the 
proto-organisms 
рер ei the globe. M. p as it 
s to us, overlooks here the fact that these 
proto-organisms exist verius. they play their 
art no in all tim at we are cognisant 
creative cts for aught we see to 
as potent, even if less directly 
was. These р 
trine of 
-of a little, with 
H be said 
not dane their рап, or are not doing their dı У, 
it as a most important pos P js a 
бй the simplest to the mplex 
dition of an or 
little ‘likely ever to lift sd veil which aco 
the beginning and the , she may succeed 
in eliminating карсаны, ais Ae cy 
THE meeting convened by the Council of the 
pro 
privileges of the Fellows of the Society in a 
which took place had for the most part 
interest for horticulturists. 
the chair, and spoke well and fairly to all sides. 
The President was supported by most of the 
els represented. We 
can enjoy the exclusive privileges afforded by a 
first-class London square 2/и5 a noble conserva- 
tory, first-class bands and first-class shows, they 
must be prepared to pay accordingly. We say 
nothing about the more legitimate objects of the 
Society, as it is abundantly obvious that they 
care for none of these things. 
placed very clearly before the eun that the 
Society had to face year a decreasing 
rA and a general loss of Бане. апа ће 
was the too free use—some say abuse—of trans- 
ferable tickets; and he called on the life Fellows 
and the Fellows generally to make a sacrifice 
Otherwise, as it was plainly hinted, the whole 
would be lost. It came out in the course of the 
heec that the Council was all but unani- 
ecommending the abolition of trans- — 
ferable ticket there being only one dissentient 
on mont bee cil The f. ne. of the meeting, 
howev 
ment, add ulti шш. а i resdhution was carried 
to the effect that the Council be requested to 
reconsider the question of Fellows' privileges, 
e meeting was adjourned for that pur- 
Уу as viva. 
the points ‘raise 
| speakers. With few exceptions all that was 
said was from the local Fellow point of view. 
Lord ALFRED CHURCHILL and Mr. BATEMAN 
advocated views more in consonance with 
objects of the Society, but, generally speaking, 
horticulturists were conspicuous by their ab- 
sick of the whole affair, and ready, i 
chance were offered, to start a new society an 
quit the old — It is, we apes very far 
m their i o anything the kind, 
and for tiie reba f Ws left А spans 
to the enj of their own elysium these 
latter would, of course, claim to be the Royal 
Horticultural ; and what a farce— 
we say disgrace that be leave our 
readers to judge. 
It cannot bie locii 
Lord ABERDARE - 
a view of retaining the whole. 
— 
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