__ 8 
| 
DECEMBER 25, 1875.] 
THE GARDENERS 
CHRONICLE. 
807 
it is least required. Orchards Sen with standard 
and Pear trees should always be kept under 
r f черге of the 
tempera- 
imr t arm rains 
nd fee oots, ert ore ng a 
on the health and quality of the 
"Ве fine trees 
tems and 
penetrate it freely an 
onde rful influence 
u den which a 
with grass and a ted, but — a зы 
manurip Pini wd orking up for ou 
be greatly тар. a G kis bro Mt from ‘comparative 
barrenness to supply valuable fruit. Ther о que 
tion that the rej renting of old fruit еп тэу а vint 
Which merits a greater share Rag attention than it 
| teceives, the fruit invariably being of MED ep A 
| Such standard tree uld n 
tn 
o 
< 
[1] 
У 
о 
Lg 
`5 2 
Ф „= б 
ГА А 
Бн 
e 
£u 
w 
e 
"n 
с 
б. 
5 
h 
There i is ea apum iret 
ielded with merciless severity, 
as we should simply cut Pak. to form the head 
and M сога 
in Grape prop en you ng 
эч out superabundant branches alae Thus а а 
WO 
adding such fer rtilising elem 
the us examples 
Ultvation we incidentally meet with, eG Vest. 
Cou 
È Witley 
nothing of 
1 
| 
OBSERVATIONS ON ERGOT. 
By A, STEPHEN WILSON, оғ NORTH KINMUNDY.* 
(Concluded from #. 775.) 
RELATION TO CLIMATE, 
IT will now be seen that as the spores which pro- 
duce ergot are thro 
the damp pl ey oe, ња ovk 
motions caused by ascending vapou season at 
the time of sporing is favourable to de бойна of 
ergot, p weather is necessary for the ripening 
of к Claviceps, and dry weather for th 
are opening and these sphæri sporing, is sufficient 
Fic, 162, — GARDEN IN THE SCILLY ISLES. 
~~ 
for э apes - ergot. The notion that a wet 
Seaso: o the development of ergot has 
perhaps usualy poo the implication are ergot 
is a disease, or a kind of rotting of the grass ovary. 
EA is neither the x nor the other, but the first form 
a parasitic p 
That there me be a а Me нү of etgot in any 
nsiderable quantity 
h i 
ering grasses is, in 
джез development of 
ergot ; an of ergot which may be 
ga athered almost any autumn on the various grasses in 
* Read at the December meeting of the Botanical Society of 
Edinbu rgh, 
| Scotland, ee probably be equal to the home 
The smaller ergots soar more compact and 
ves proie кола ose of c ye, i 
fewer of the eggs of E: es, and di probes "wr 
tice, they seem to be worth a trial, 
VARIOUS ForMS OF ERGOT, 
The form and size uol en яо of each grass are 
аш we tg uld be easy to tell that 
this ergot grew ZA Nerius ++» ae that upon 
The hea n Rye weigh 
grains, coming ар © ак еп fien the weight 
Rye kernel. But y ergots on Rye and 
other. grasses do not project ү мы the pales, пог 
show themselves cursory inspection, The weight 
of a kernal of Vernal-grass is „orr of a grain. The 
weight of the ‘coat of this grass is sometimes, even 
ай 
— 
Ж 405 
when vety ary, ‚4 of a grain, or 36 times the weight 
of the kern The seed of Glyceria flu itans weighs 
he ripe 
one-hundredth of a ш in wi 
MODE OF ACTION, 
et takes place at or a 
otisin 
ng к vee en — 
The of a grass flor 
little after the time of fectilising, 5 has 
h 
ecause t that fertilisation takes place, the 
nthers are pushed up by the filaments yond the 
possibility of ever being involved in the ergot. he 
laments are usually longer than ever the ergo 8, 
and the anthers are usually broken off before the ergot 
emerges from between the pales. That stigmas 
are sometimes involved there can be no doubt ; but I 
have never seen a case in which the anthers were 
