808 IH 
GARDENERS CHRONICLE. 
[DECEMBER 25, 1875. 
retained. s there is a — ted grey 
agglutinated anthers ; but if iis are observed 
at an early An hen they are only just coming from 
between ill a 5 
nothing snthers or и ре roject from the apex. 
rivel up, apparently because 
Soon after the spore -: Bigg т be сеа 
of the floret it selects or falls on, the er of a 
e pales points po “where the dia үт 15 
cells of the ovule. 
da‘ Я 
it seems а — 
exuded from q 
continuous that stis aibi from the air seems the true 
explanation, 
ON ARTIFICIAL ERGOTISING. 
Some spikes of у flowered Rye were inserted 
= ted ro tube containing 
Probably thus inoculated in a — days drops begin to 
appear. The ears were then 
upper part of a spike is alone airs. n- 
ning down бучетй no effect on the lower florets ? 
Still I am not in a position to deny that the 
granule in these drops may b atium. 
The on the spikes of Rye in bottle were 
persistently visited by about six species of diptera, 
mia be a 
affirm that spermatia carried Р the 
flies produ dd fior: All that is yet ae is that 
the flies went constantly in at the neck o 
or at the openings of paper which id er 
tl 
this time a fly fell 
before me, Aet others I found dead 
ws. I do not knew ey died 
from а ergot с І АА know that Mey bsc it. 
A Ty ed bearing upon the facts of 
Two of ‘the florets of Barley which were probably 
artificially, produced large spurs, while one 
which showed the j si for six or eight days seemed 
жакту killed wi 
tion of an ergot ires a amount of gro 
i grass embryo to give it start which 
ina complete ergot. None of the spurs on 
the Rye in the bottle was of large size, although the 
of fluid were enormous renewed night after 
night as they were removed. Perhaps the removal of 
every was inimical to the ial of the 
ergot. In various of the florets which produced drops, 
no ergot fo! 
Several image were tried of producing ergot. 
condena dg of laced 
orets 
the oducing red drops, but no ergot. І 
other cases the м un o was thus killed without 
producing any drop or any ergot. Various Wheat 
embryos were "killed, but no ergot produced, Probably 
was t еа ne 
its own 
had 
runs down the spike, EM to give rise to fungi of is 
mould tribe; but I have not seen a case where i 
hr s produced e rgot 
order to grow the Claviceps, the ergots may 
saucer and half 
of them soon ge 
never produce the Claviceps. 
for others close beside them will remain untouched 
by mould, black and shining, till they burst into a 
crop of the true fungus, 
Is THERE MORE THAN ONE SPECIES? 
But the identity of ergot, says Berkeley (/xro- 
duction to Cryptogamic aoe ту, p. 282), with Cor- 
dyceps X6 been cal n question by Cesati, be- 
e two species oc ly on the same 
kind of ergot sa 
poe ergots—purpur 
ocephala, and e con 
that there is „ошу об. “species of ergot 5, 
рем a villous 
is before in — 
two stipes besi ach other are s shy & at 
base, while five others on the same spur are ential 
without hairs. 
esent OF THE ERGOT, 
All through the win Ке the rotting grass on 
o 
scoop out cavities in 
pw through | through them. Swarms 
afungus. The stn 
the eye lemen of the ergot. 
formed head pushes aside the black skin, 
e the surface. 
itish purple abov 
han others, and at these po gro 
place, and probably withdraws терен force 
from Lewes immediately around it, The fungi are of 
the sam 
various sizes on e ergot. stipe is some- 
Looking at hundreds of them A tiers nia 
the sides eh a ditch, it is seen that various shad 
em charact 
If, assome have conjectured, the spores were carried 
up the plan ant with the sap, no obvious reason exists 
why Wheat and Barley which are ergotisable grasses 
should not everywhere be as frequently ergotised as 
cereal Rye. But if the роне attacks the floret fron the 
atmosphere, then the character of the floret will be a 
determining element in the frequency of inoculation, 
RELATION TO PERUCTURE OF FLOWER. 
Pid. it was so closely. згон, as to prevent all but. 
a few seeds from m ы the pl 
other grasses—some do not close 
and in many the 
the same with man 
is peculiar ; this grass (in the lo 
gare to the 
e for fertilisation, while the feathery ун 
Ко ком on bo a Be It is the same with other 
of the more ergotisable grasses 
In th ge ats aeu, t E most y: Se Багет 
the florets are short t an 
P 
very slight extent, while the оиз i scarce rats 
exposed outside the pales to the flying enemy. These 
grasses fertilise themselves and immediately eA their 
h be, howe rna 
and yet none of the Oats is ever ergotised ; still, there 
anical UT igi 
ergot. The species 
very little for fertilisati 
and are never ае 
EFFECTS PRODUCED BY THE ERGOT. 
and soon close very tightly, 
The question = Б effects of sd upon сиси does 1 
not fall to be here considered ; des, not a single 
fact bearing upon " pe fallen Jie my notice 
ut er question suggests itself: What is the 
effect of ergot upon the s? Ofcourse, one im- 
iate effect is, to prevent the growth and ripening 
f a certai seeds, and thus to 
nder the seminal propagation of the plant ; ee it is 
t 
a fact that the ripening of the se 
cereal grasses tends to make these grasses more strictly 4 
are not — annual, even when a | 
grow occa. * 
sionally, producing ripe spikes from the same stool for | 1 
two or three years. N 
annual. The 
few spikes ona pem are fully ripened, bu 
e was culti- 
have been a 
ergot on the g 
em may b 
seed-bearing capacity, to give a larger term of dura- 
eel no ergot. -grass, which y 
tisable, is perhaps encroached ар by the A Cato’ 
Dog's-tail, which is not ergotised at all; or, if the 
ergot conserves vitality in the lower зБ the Vernal- 
grass may thus hold its own. 
No. 1. List of aad rox бу-у і. 
т. Wheat. Triticum sativum, 
Wheat 
eum distichum СТ 
‘pratensis, 
8, Reed Canary-grass. Phalatis mansion cate 
Lolium 
22. Darnel-grass. Lolium terifulontuiis L. 
Nö; 2 i en Pacis et on the die of which the 
eps has been 
Wheat-grass. ees m repens, І, [spur] 
Rye. Secale mee ‘le, Will (twenty- sei fungi on one 
Vernal- ара. thoxanthum odoratum, L. 
M rans 
Turfy ira cæspitosa, L | 
Са Soft-grass. баан mollis (also f found growing 
naturally, 1874). 
gee hare avenaceum, Hud. 
Floating Sweet-grass. yce 
Я | 
ca pratensis, Hudson. 
: 
